FUNCTIONS OF GREAT SYMPATHETIC. 145 



existence in the brain of distinct and multiplied apparatus in 

 the explanation of psychological phenomena, it is simply a 

 hypothesis of which it is out of our power to furnish a single 

 proof. It is objected, and with reason, to the phrenological 

 theory, that it groups all the faculties in those portions of 

 the brain which correspond to the arch of the skull, to the 

 exclusion of those resting on its base; and besides, patho- 

 logical anatomy is not in accord with the theory of Gall, and 

 comparative anatomy does not permit its admission. 



The cerebellum. Among the various functions which physi- 

 ologists have attributed to the cerebellum, one only has been 

 generally admitted in latter times; that is the co-ordination 

 of movement. The repeated experiments of Flourens, con- 

 firmed by those of MM. Bouillaud and Longet, seem to 

 prove that the injury or absence of the cerebellum causes a 

 confusion in the movements similar to that induced by intoxi- 

 cation, and that this organ is, in fact, the regulator of motion. 

 Still pathological anatomy does not agree in this respect with 

 the experiments made upon animals. Perfect integrity of 

 function, and especially of locomotion, has been observed in 

 congenital absence of the cerebellum. A great number of 

 observations made by M. Andral prove that the cerebellum 

 may be diseased while movements do not cease to be co- 

 ordinated. The recent investigations of M. Duchenne, of 

 Boulogne, also contradict the theory of Flourens, and it is 

 now perfectly well known that the greatest disorder may 

 exist in the movements without the slightest indication of 

 lesion in the cerebellum. 



Functions of the great sympathetic. The nervous apparatus 

 designated by this name is formed, as we know, by the sensi- 

 tive and motor filaments coming from the cranial nerves, or 

 from the roots of the spinal nerves. That is, its ramifications 

 are, at the same time, sensitive and motor. The movements 

 excited by the great sympathetic are not under the influence 

 of the will. The motor impulse springing from this system 

 differs also from that which determines voluntary movements, 

 in that it travels less rapidly. Experiments upon animals 

 also prove that the ganglia and ramifications of the great 

 sympathetic continue their functions some time after they 



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