124 THE WOODLANDS. 



lobed, bearing the brownish, flattened fruit-cups at 

 the edge. This has quite a distinct appearance from 

 the tree-loving species above cited. Instead of fila- 

 ments, the vegetative portion consists of a broad leaf- 

 like expansion, lobed like an oak-leaf, and turned up at 

 the edges. Most lichens have a peculiar odour, which 

 this also possesses, and its texture is tough and 

 leathery. 



OAK-LUNGS. 



A larger foliaceous lichen growing on old trees is 

 called "oak-lungs" 1 It is rather of an olive colour, 

 very much reticulated, or veined in such a manner 

 as to leave depressions or pits all over the surface. 

 This was called "Lungwort," or "oak-lungs," on 

 account partly of its supposed resemblance to lungs, 

 and partly from its alleged virtues in lung diseases. 

 It contains a bitter principle, which has been used 

 as a substitute for hops. A Siberian monastery once 

 acquired a celebrity for its beer, which was flavoured 

 with the " bitters " of oak-lungs. In addition, it has 

 1 Sticta pulmonaria. 



