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FORESTRY BRANCH BULLETIN No. 63 



can be purchased in large and clear dimensions. They are used for sills, beams, 

 framework, flooring and lining. 



Pine forms 22-4 per cent. It is all white and red pine. This last named 

 species forms nearly half. It is used chiefly for passenger cars, flooring, wooden 

 parts of locomotives, and platforms. 



Photo 9535. R. G. LEWIS. 



The different stages of the manufacture of clothes-pins. The common clothes-pin is made of f in. lumber. 

 It requires a piece of wood f in. square and 4 in. long. The spring pin, shown below, is generally 

 made of j in. veneer. 



Quebec furnished all the spruce, forming 4 per cent of the industry consump- 

 tion. This species was chiefly used for box- and flat-car flooring, repair work 

 on the same, and platforms. 



Birch was used mainly for interior finishing of colonist or second-class 

 passenger cars. In a few instances it was used also for first-class passenger 

 cars. It forms 1 per cent. 



Basswood is valued for general use and for the interior of refrigerator cars. 



Among the hardwoods, oak takes the leading place. A large quantity 

 of the oak material imported was used for framework, particularly in freight 

 car construction Oak has a very wide range of use. f Ash and maple are used 

 in the seats and lining of second-class passenger cars. Ash is also used for 

 engine cabs. 



