64 FORESTRY BRANCH BULLETIN No. 63 



yet there has been a strong tendency, which has grown stronger every 

 year, toward reducing the export of pulpwood and encouraging the manufacture 

 of pulp in the province. The consumption of pulpwood in home manufacture 

 has been increasing steadily since the inception of the industry, while the export 

 of raw pulpwood has remained about stationary. 



In 1914 the pulpwood exported fron the province exceeded the quantity 

 manufactured by 28,212,000 feet board measure (50,925 cords), while in 1915 

 the raw material converted into pulp at home exceeded the exports by 40,- 

 826,000 feet board measure (73,693 cords). In the course of that year the 

 industry had increased its consumption by 33,941,000 feet board measure 

 (61,266 cords). 



Regarding the further manufacture of pulpwood into paper, in the province, 

 it should be noted that this is growing in comparison with the pulp exported 

 to be converted into paper abroad. This is in common with the tendency 

 throughout Canada. In 1914, lj tons of pulp were manufactured into 

 paper in Canada for every ton exported, while in 1915 nearly 2 tons were 

 converted into paper in Canada for every ton exported. This is making due 

 allowance for the pulp imported into Canada in those years for special kinds 

 of paper. Of the total news-print paper produced in Canada in 1915 from this 

 pulp about 4 tons of paper were exported for every ton consumed by the 

 printing plants of Canada. This shows the steady growth in producing a more 

 highly finished, instead of a raw or partly finished product. 



Since the European war started, and particularly during the year 1916, 

 wood-pulp reached an almost fabulous price. On the Canadian market ground- 

 wood pulp increased from $15 to $40 per ton, bleached sulphite pulp from 

 about $55 to $160, and unbleached sulphite pulp from $43 to $100. It is likely 

 that this condition will contribute to encourage the establishment of more 

 pulp manufacturing plants in the province of Quebec. 



Of the total raw material consumed in the year 1915, approximately 52-9 

 per cent was turned into mechanical pulp, 33-5 per cent into sulphite pulp, 

 13-1 per cent into sulphate pulp, and 5 per cent into soda pulp. 



Of the woods used in manufacturing pulp, spruce is the leading species. 

 The nature of the spruce fibre its length, colour and pliability is such that 

 it is particularly suited for use in the manufacture of sulphite and ground-wood 

 pulp. Balsam fir while inferior to spruce resembles it to a marked extent in 

 colour and fibre length and is often sold mixed with spruce. At the present 

 time it is customary for most mills in buying spruce pulpwood to accept as 

 high as 30 per cent of balsam fir with the spruce. In the manufacture of 

 mechanical pulp or ground-wood spruce, balsam fir and, to a limited extent, 

 hemlock and jack pine are used. In the sulphite process it is necessary to use 

 woods of a low resin content and for this reason, together with the fact that the 

 nature of the fibres is such as to produce a good pulp, spruce and balsam are 

 the predominant species. Hemlock is used in considerable amounts and jack 

 pine in limited quantities in this process. Owing to the nature of the sulphate 

 process practically all of the coniferous woods can be used, regardless of the 

 resin content; hence, in this process we find spruce, balsam, and jack pine 

 used in considerable amounts, while hemlock and some of the other species are 



