11 



29. With the exception of a few dry standing or fallen trees which are 



sold to local villagers and are cut and extracted 

 by them, the whole of the produce is cut and 



carried to the sale dep&t near the Changa Manga Railway Station. The 

 carriage is done partly by tramway and partly by carts. The tramway is used 

 for the carriage of firewood cut in main fellings, whereas logs and dry windfall 

 wood are mostly carried by carts. The rates paid for carriage from the forest 

 to the sale depot are : 



(1) JBy tramway. Re. 1-0-0 per 1,000 cubic feet for loading and un- 



loading. Re 0-8-0 per 1,000 cubic feet per mile for carriage. For 

 logs half the rate paid for carriage by carts. 



(2) J5y carts. Logs Re. 1-1-0 per sissoo log over 10 cubic feet and Re. 0-8-6 



for logs of 10 cubic feet or less. Mulberry logs Re. 0-8-0 per 12 feet 

 log over 10 cubic feet and Re. 0-7-0 for logs of 10 cubic feet and 

 less, 5 feet logs Re. 0-2-6 each. Thick firewood Rs. 5 per 1,000 

 cubic feet for blocks I and III, Rs. 6-0-0 per 1,000 cubic feet for 

 blocks II and IV. Thin firewood rates are Re. 1-0-0 per 1,000 

 cubic feet less than those for thick firewood. 



30. The most important markets for firewood are Lahore and Amritsar. 



The thin firewood all goes to Lahore, as being a 



Marieti for firewood. 111 ^ j. *j. 3 j_ j_ jTT* 



bulky product it does not pay to rail it far. 



Smaller quantities of firewood are taken to Dhariwal, Ferozepore, Gujranwala 

 and Sialkot. The demand in Sialkot is for thick mulberry for timber and only 

 stacks which contain suitable pieces are bought. 



31. The Changa Manga plantation is the only important forest in the 

 The P ret staff Chunian Range and the head-quarters of the 



Range are situated in the plantation. The staff 



consists of a Forest Ranger, a Deputy Ranger, 4 Foresters for the 4 blocks and 

 one for the depdt and 20 Forest Guards. There is a permanent staff of labourers 

 (called beldars) living in the plantation, the full number for whjch quarters are 

 available is 100, but at present not more than 80 are actually employed owing 

 to the demand for labour in the Lower Ban Doab Oanal Colony. The beldars are 

 paid a daily wage of Re. 0-5-0, Re. 0-5-6 and Re. 0-6-0, the increment of Re. 0-0-6 

 being earned by a year of service. In addition each man obtains a free house, 

 vegetable patch and grazing for 2 cows and 2 calves. After the first year each 

 man is allowed 3 cows and 3 calves. No further concession in the way of graz- 

 ing should be permitted as it is already difficult to control and often causes 

 damage to the plantation. 



32. The labour supply has during the last few years been a great and con- 

 The labour sn i stant difficulty. The supply of local labour is 



sufficient for the needs of the plantation if the 



men were more regular in their habits, but the local men cannot be depended 

 upon to work steadily. Moreover, the system of giving advances which has 

 been long in force, has made the local labour difficult to control. No man will 

 come out to work without an advance of pay and having taken the advance 

 there is no guarantee that he will ever work it off. The only solution appears 

 to be to import outside labour during the felling season, i.e., October to March. 

 This has always been done hitherto, but sufficient labour to do the whole of the 

 fellings has not been imported and consequently a portion of the work has been 

 done by local coolies. In future it will probably bo found advisable to import 

 sufficient men to carry out the whole of the final fellings and to use the local 

 labour on thinnings. The latter can be spread more or less over the year as there 

 is not the same importance in getting the thinnings done by the end of March as 

 there is in the case of the coppice fellings. It will of course be necessary to 

 pay imported coolies at a higher rate than local men, but the rates paid for fell- 

 ing hitherto will sooner or later have to be raised as they are far lower than 

 those paid by traders who buy wood standing in the Lahore Division. 



