16 



September. The seedlings were potted off into 4-inch pots as soon as possible 

 in order to get plants big enough to plant out early in the irrigation season. 

 In May 1913 the plants then about 812 inches high were planted out in com- 

 partment 60. Several species were tried including Eucalyptus rostrata, 

 Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus siderophloia. The growth of the first 

 two was excellent and by November it was evident that they could hold their 

 own against mulberry coppice without further attention. During the cold 

 weather almost every plant was browsed down by nilghai and many were 

 broken off. In spite of this, however, many recovered in the spring and at 

 present there are a considerable number left about 20 30 feet high which pro- 

 mise to make excellent standards though nllghai still damage them by gnawing 

 the bark. The kinds left are mostly Eucalypttis tereticornis and rostrata, 



It seems evident that Eucalyptus tereti'orni and rostrata can be grown as 

 standards without any great difficulty. Whether in the event of sissoo failing it 

 is advisable to grow these species is another matter. As already noted the timber 

 should be sawn up green and hence a saw mill will be necessary and the trees 

 must be grown on a scale sufficient to justify the mill. Eucalyptus paniculata 

 and crebra produce more valuable timbers than Eucalyptus tereticornis and 

 rostrata, and although not so rapid in growth it is possible that they could be 

 grown with a little more assistance in the way of cutting back mulberry and 

 consequently before selecting Eucalyptus tereticornis and rostrata experiments 

 should be made with Eucalyptus creh'a and paniculata. With no species of 

 Eucalyptus can natural reproduction by seed be expected in Changa Manga, 

 and as they are wanted as standards coppice reproduction is of no use, conse- 

 quently it will be necessary to plant standards at each felling. If trees of 6-7 

 feet girth can be got in two rotations or 40 years as seems probable with 

 Eucalyptus the money spent on planting will probably be well invested. 



41. Hitherto with the main fellings getting more and more into arrears, 

 . thinnings have not been attempted except on a 



small scale as an experiment. With a 15 years 



rotation and an outturn consisting almost entirely of firewood thinnings were 

 not very important, but row that the rotation has been raised to 20 years in 

 order to increase the yield and the proportion of timber produced, thinnings 

 which have the same object are most important, and it is necessary to get them 

 done. The thinnings would be worth doing for the benefit of the final yield 

 even if it were necessary to raise the rates for cutting and stacking considerably 

 to attract labour and get them done so that they in themselves were not profit- 

 able. No such rise in the rates, however, is called for at present though, if 

 double the present rates were paid, the thinnings would still more than cover 

 expenses. 



Thinnings made hitherto in 6 12 years old crops have yielded roughly 

 1,000 cubic feet stacked per acre in each case, but it cannot be said than a crop 

 thinned at 6 years old will, if thinned again at 12 years, give another 1,000 cubic 

 feet stacked per acre. If the final yield of a thinned area is affected in any way 

 it should be increased rather than diminished if a suitable interval has 

 elapsed since the last thinning, but it cannot now be said that this will be 

 the case. In a few years a good deal more about thinnings in Changa Manga 

 will be known than now and consequently it is proposed to prescribe the 

 thinnings tentatively for a period of 6 years at the end of which a fresh scheme 

 should be drawn up. 



42. The objects sought to be attained by the thinnings are (1) to 



increase the quantity of the outturn by re- 



Aee of the crops to b thinned. . j i 1-1 j. t 11 j j/i 



covering material which at present falls to the 



ground and rots, (2) to increase the yield of timber by assisting promising 

 stems and cutting out badly grown coppice shoots, and (3) to regulate the 

 mixture and save as far as possible promising stems of sissoo, siris, etc., from 

 suppression by mulberry. The first of these objects necessitates thinnings 

 repeated at frequent intervals and the last two make it desirable to carry out 

 the first thinning as early as possible. The mulberry crops in Changa Manga 

 are so de nse and so sensitive to any great interruption of the cover that it is 



