19 



does in 3-4 "years. Apart from questions of expense the giving up of the burn- 

 ing of the brushwood is of advantage in that the work was frequently carelessly 

 done and caused much damage to standards and also at times to fuel stacks. 

 In plots where kdna is very dense and standards are few it may be ad"isable to 

 burn the felling area to facilitate the removal of kdna, but ordinarily the brush- 

 wood should merely be piled between the irrigation trenches. The trenches 

 should then be re-opened the earth being thrown in the middle between the 

 trenches unless seed is to be soAvn when the earth from the trench must be piled 

 |n a ridge on one side. The object of re-opening the trenches is to facilitate 

 irrigation and ensure the even distribution of the water. "Without the trenches 

 under the present system of irrigation pieces of high ground would get very 

 little water whereas the ground around at the normal level would be given far 

 more than necessary as it would be taking up water as fast as it could percolate 

 away (vide D'Arcy paragraph 31) until it had been flooded to a depth sufficient 

 to moisten the high ground. Patches of high ground are usually not very 

 absorbent so that if the water supply were stopped as soon as the high pieces 

 were moistened, the water might not have sunk into the soil at the high level 

 more than a few inches, whereas normally in Changa Manga after irrigation the 

 soil is saturated to a depth of several feet. 



47. Blanks in Changa Manga capable of being stocked amount to an 



estimated area of 39' 2 acres only. These are 



aowings and planting) and re-stocking . , , , , . , i , . .', 



blanks. mostly due to high ground and although a good 



deal has been done towards restocking patches of 



high ground some work of this nature still remains. A little extra expense is 

 all that is required in digging deeper trenches through the high grouad when 

 the trenches in the compartment are being re-opened. When the difference in 

 level amounts to more than 3 feet which is seldom the case, every second or 

 third trench should be dug 2 feet wide and deep enough to carry water through 

 the mound. It is not expected that this work will prove prof .table owing to 

 the gain in area, but it is justifiable as a great deal has already been done and 

 comparatively little remains to complete the work. Blanks due to kdna or 

 similar causes other than level, should be re-sown after the fellings. Sissoo 

 or siris might be sown in case sufficient mulberry does not come up naturally. 

 The outer edge of the plantation is distinctly worse stocked than the interior 

 and it is usually possible when walking towards the boundary through the 

 plantation to tell by the nature of the growth that the end is approaching be- 

 fore it is possible to see the light ahead through the trees. The time has come 

 not to reserve mature trees merely because they are on the outer boundary, 

 consequently after the next felling it will be advisable to create a wind-break 

 round the outer edge. If Eucalyptus plants are available they might be plant- 

 ed in a double row and a line of Acacia Farnesiana sown between them along 

 the outer boundary. If hot dry winds could be kept out of the plantation the 

 growth inside would be improved. 



48. All the forest roads in Changa Manga were originally made 16 



feet wide except for 2, main roads of 32 feet, 



Btnughtemng roads. . . . r , , , ' 



one on either side or the canal running through 



the plantation approximately parallel to the canal. In course of years owing 

 to the constant repairing of passels, roads which were originally straight have 

 become crooked and the width in many places has been greatly reduced. At 

 the time of starting the fellings in any compartment the roads round it should 

 be straightened and brought to their original full width before any stacking 

 of wood is commenced. The roads bounding compartments 90 126 are those 

 which require most attention as they were seldom quite straight in the first 

 instance. In the rest of the plantation very little beyond slight widening 

 here and there is required. 



49. Appendix V shows the areas irrigated each year from 1896-97 to 

 irrigation. 1915-16. Mr. D'Arcy in paragraph 2iof his 



working plan for Changa Manga says " The 



adequate irrigation of the plantation is the most important circumstance affect- 

 ing its management. " This fact cannot be too strongly emphasised and all 

 work must give way to irrigation whenever water is available. Occasionally 



