Pomes lucidtts and leaving mulberry which occurred in them as an undergrowth 

 the principal species. Hence it is not advisable to attempt to maintain any 

 large proportion of sissoo in the crop at the expense of other works such as 

 thinnings, to say nothing of the final fellings which for years have been badly 

 in arrears'. 



9. Mulberry in Changa Manga is a short-lived tree growing rapidly 



but soon becoming hollow. In the absence of 

 sissoo it has been reserved as standards but is quite 



unsuitable for a standard, and in future if only mulberry is available for stand- 

 ards no standards at all should be reserved. The mulberry standards tried 

 hitherto suffered greatly from exposure to the sun, those which were not thrown 

 by wind became very branchy and the heavy shade prevented the satisfactory 

 growth of the coppice near them. The rapid growth of isolated trees brings 

 them to early maturity and by the time the coppice is ready for felling the 

 mulberry standards, should any be left, will almost certainly be hollow. Al- 

 though this working plan prescribes the system of coppice with standards it 

 should be noted that much of the regeneration of the mulberry is from seed, 

 and it would perhaps be more correct to call the system high forest with a short 

 rotation for mulberry and a longer one for sissoo. 



10. The sissoo as already stated has been reduced to the second position 



as regards abundance. Originally the only 

 species sown on a large scale with success, it is 



now in many compartments difficult to find a specimen other than a standard. 

 Two main causes have been at work to bring this about. In early youth mul- 

 berry is more rapid in growth and ten'ls to suppress sissoo. At what age the 

 sissoo can hold its own against mulberry is not known, but many instances have 

 been observed in crops 12 to 16 years old of the sissoo being unable to compete 

 with the mulberry. The root-parasite, JS'omes lucidus, has spread very consider- 

 ably in recent years and it can be found in almost every compartment, and, as 

 already mentioned, it has exterminated sissoo in parts of compartments 66, 67 

 and 68 which have not been felled yet. "Which of these causes is chiefly res- 

 ponsible for the disappearance of the sissoo it is impossible to say, but probably 

 each by itself is sufficient to bring about that result. It is clearly useless to 

 cut back mulberry with the object of assisting sissoo if the sissoo is to fall a victim 

 to the fungus. At present the position is that sissoo is rapidly being exter- 

 minated. As regards the coppice this is of little importance as it is replaced by 

 mulberry but as regards the standards it is important and they must be replaced 

 either artificially by sissoo or by other species or the plantation will have to be 

 worked as pure coppice and the production of building timber will cease. Now 

 that the proportion of sissoo in the crop has been so greatly reduced it is possible 

 that^the severity of the fungus attack may diminish, and that it will be always 

 possible to maintain a proportion of aissoo in the crop, but at present there is no 

 certainty of this. 



11. The Persian lilac is the next most important species. Hitherto it 

 Persian lilac ^ as D0en looked upon as a weed and has been out 



back in the young coppice. In spite of this how- 

 ever, there is a fair proportion in some parts of the plantation, and if it were 

 desirable it could easily be increased. This tree has hitherto been much neg- 

 lected and it is by no means the useless weed it has been considered. There is 

 a demand for the timber at Ee. 0-7-0 to Ee. 0-8-0 per cubic foot, though pro- 

 bably the demand is not unlimited. A small proportion of Persian lilac should 

 certainly not be discouraged in the plantation and the proportion should be 

 regulated by thinnings rather than by wholesale cutting back of the Persian 

 lilac. 



12. The other species most commonly met with are jand,fardsh and 

 other epcie. phuldi. None of these is to be encouraged ex- 

 cept in dry places as jand and phuldi are slow in 



growth. The phuldi yields much sap-wood and billets of phuldi are very 

 readily attacked by insects. The fardsh is not valued either as timber or 

 firewood. 



