620 



PHYSIOLOGY 



CHAP. 



Sciamanna's observations at the Clinic of Psychiatry in Rome 

 are more interesting; in 1905, at the International Congress of 

 Psychology in Rome, he exhibited two monkeys (Macacus 

 cynomolgus), from which he had removed the pre-frontal lobes the 

 year before. 



Previous to the operation the animals had been under the 1 

 observation of Sciamanna and his assistants, who had studied their 

 habits and characters, the reactions they gave to various kinds of 



Fio. 306. A, diagram of visual sphere, which also extends over to the cortex of the mesial and 

 inferior surface, which is not seen in the figure. B, auditory sphere of dog's cerebral cortex. 

 (Lueiani.) 



stimuli, the complex purposive acts which they performed, e.g. 

 feeling for sugar in the pocket of their keeper, looking at them- 

 selves in a mirror, etc. After recovering from the shock of the 

 operation, there was no appreciable change in their behaviour; 

 they continued to perform all the actions learned during the 

 period of observation, as before. 



A committee consisting of Professors Flechsig, Henschen and 

 Fano reported of these apes : There were no paretic or spastic 

 symptoms, and no exaggeration or defect in the usual motor 

 activity of the monkeys. They did not assume abnormal positions 

 during rest; their attention was attracted by any new object. 



