vin THE HUMAN KACES 337 



Bushwomen . . . .".*;. . 997 grma. 



Natives of Bombay . . . . . 1006 



Hindus 1176 



Negresses 1202 



Negroes 1232 



South Germans. Women .... 1220 



South Germans. Men .... 1361 



Chinese Women 1290 



Chinese Men 1428 



These figures show the average weight of the brain to be 

 smaller in races whose civilisation is at a lower stage of develop- 

 ment such as Bush tribes and Hindus than in more highly 

 civilised races such as the Chinese and Germans. Much pains- 

 taking and careful investigation of the relation of the weight of 

 the brain to psychical development has nevertheless proved that it 

 would be inaccurate to say that a heavy brain always implies a 

 higher development of the intellectual functions. It is true that 

 the average weight of the brain of great scientists is greater than 

 that of Europeans (which Bischoff estimates at 1350 to 1360 grms.), 

 but it is also true that the brain of some great men weighed less 

 than the average (1207), just as it is true that extraordinarily 

 heavy brains have been possessed by ordinary workmen Rudolphi 

 instances the case of an absolutely unknown man named Kustan 

 whose brain weighed 2222 grms. 



Attempts have also been made to deduce the weight of the 

 brain from the size of the skull, but so far this method has failed 

 to give satisfactory results. 



The shape and development of the convolutions of the brain in 

 the different races have also been an object of study ; the results 

 have not, however, as yet been sufficient to allow of any definite 

 conclusion being drawn from them. Let us take Sergi's recent 

 (1909) examination of the brains of the Hereros, African tribes 

 inhabiting the German colonies. Sergi came to the conclusion 

 that whilst it cannot be said that there is any morphological 

 characteristic of the sulci of the brain which is peculiar to any 

 one race, yet there exist certain racial and sexual differences 

 which occur more or less frequently. For instance, the brains of 

 Hereros as compared with those of Europeans show the following 

 main characteristics : a notable predominance of the simple forms 

 of the posterior termination of the fissure of Sylvius over those 

 which are bifurcated a greater frequency of the opening of the 

 fissure of Kolando on the medial surface; the less frequent 

 occurrence of numerous divisions of the frontal sulci; a greater 

 frequency of a continuous medio-temporal sulcus ; the invariable 

 presence of the rhinoencephalo-temporal gyrus. 



Still more recently (1913) Sergi extended his morphological 

 analyses of the superficies of the frontal lobe to the brains of 

 Indians and Japanese, and arrived at conclusions which to all 



VOL. V z 



