350 



PHYSIOLOGY 



CHAP. 



la 



sol i 



scale having seven equal intervals, which Baglioni (1911) found 



to be common to all eastern 



^TT:.....JTT. ^ Asiatics (Chinese, Japanese, 



Burmese, Indians, and Syrians). 



ai = = This tempered eptatonic scale 



differs from our tempered dia- 

 tonic scale, but has in common 



r : with it the advantage of being 



: readily transposed (Fig. 134). 



These results show the utility 

 of investigations into acoustics 



= and comparative musicology as 



= signs of the affinity or relation- 



ship existing between the civil- 

 isation of different peoples, more 

 = especially if the absolute pitch 



of the notes in use be taken into 

 account (von Hornbostel). 

 Undoubtedly, one of the 



most important chapters in 



^ = physiology is that relating to 



z the functions of the organism 



I as a whole, to alimentation, and 



_ r more especially to the exchange 



both of matter and energy which 



l~ is a direct consequence thereof. 



Seeing what a great influence 

 is exercised by external tem- 

 = perature on the exchange of 



material and the production of 

 heat in the human organism, 

 = we shall readily understand 



that great differences exist in 

 these respects between races 

 .....i-, inhabiting different climates. 



Theoretically, indeed, we should 



FIG. 134. Diagram showing the two European p Y rpr>f fr finH a amalloT- nnanfitir 



scales, (A) tlmpered, (B) diatonic, as compared expect CO find, a Smaller quantity 



with the oriental scale (C). The intervals of a of nourishment required by the 

 tempered semitone are divided into ten frac- . . . . , - . J , 



tions (tenths of a semitone) ; the interval be- man living in the tl'OplCS than 



tween each sound in the oriental scale corre- ^p^p^ V>v HIP inViahifanf- nf 



sponds to about seventeen of these fractions. l lyu "J blle mildUltdnt 



The consonant intervals in the oriental scale \fc\Q polar reffioilS if he is tO 

 are all more or less altered, the only exception -r o 



being the octave. The fifth is about two-tenths COVCr hlS lOSS 01 heat. There 

 lower, the fourth one-tenth higher, whilst the r , r e 



two thirds are fused into a single neutral third are, hOWCVCr, tWO Other tacts 



the major and minor third. wh ich have a contrary effect and 

 tend therefore to lessen this 

 difference : the greater quantity of heat employed in the evaporation 

 of a larger quantity of water from the surface of the body and 





do .. 



