viii THE HUMAN EACES 387 



a higher type are the Papuans and Melanesians on the east and 

 the African negroes on the west. 



(4) Homo xanthodermus (Mongoloid species, yellow human 

 species) : The skull is usually extremely brachycephalic, frequently 

 also mesocephalic ; face broad and flat with prominent zygomatic 

 arch ; skin usually has but a weak growth of hair and is yellowish 

 in colour ; stiff, smooth hair (lissotrichi or euticomi). The Malays, 

 from whom have sprung the Polynesians, Maoris, and inhabitants 

 of Madagascar, are a primitive variety of this species. The special 

 characteristic of the yellow race is developed most strongly in 

 Eastern Asia (Indo-Chinese and Korea- Japanese). The Finns and 



Fio. 155. Japanese women (Heoanthropus orientalis japonicus). (G. Sergi.) 



Magyars, Hyperboreans and natives of the Arctic regions are 

 secondary varieties of this species. The natives of America are 

 descended from one or more branches of it. 



(5) Homo leucodermus (Mediterranean species, white human 

 species) : The skull varies considerably, is usually mesocephalic, but 

 may be both dolichocephalic and brachycephalic. The piliferous 

 system is more highly developed than in Mongoloids and Negroids, 

 and resembles that of Australoids ; the luxurious beard and wavy 

 hair are specially noticeable (cimotrichi or euplocomi). The primi- 

 tive varieties were dark and derived from the Australoids (Dravidi). 

 The secondary varieties which emigrated from India to the 

 West developed in North Africa and formed the Nubian races 



