1 6 Human Physiology. 



Thus the "chances of life" of people of one class, living in 

 one street are 15 years, and of people of another class, in 

 another street, 60 years four times as great. The wicked, it 

 is said, do not live out half their days ; but these figures prove 

 that the poor and ignorant people of this Christian country 

 the working people who support themselves and all above 

 them by their labour, do not, in whole districts, live out one 

 quarter of their days. 



It must be observed, also, that there are moral differences 

 in these classes, which are not without their sanitary influence. 

 The rich, and especially the gentry who live on fixed incomes, 

 have a freedom from care which tends to increase longevity. 

 A pension or annuity prolongs life, and removes its sorest 

 burthens. The struggling tradesman, and the artizan half his 

 time out of work, have cares and anxieties that kill. Care eats 

 deep lines into the faces of the poor. The rich also have 

 variety and recreation in their lives, society and amusement. 

 The lives of the poor are dull and monotonous, and all their 

 conditions and surroundings are depressing. What of liveliness 

 is there in the lives of great multitudes around us ? 



Clearly it is not the fault of these short-lived people that 

 they are born in poverty, and grow up in ignorance. It is 

 not their fault that they are nursed on gin. play in the gutter r 

 and are, in their earliest years, saturated with all the evils 

 around them. They have no power to help themselves. The 

 slaves of the Carolinas were better provided for, and not more 

 helpless. The wealth they create they do not enjoy. Those 

 who have it, without ever doing one day's work in their lives, 

 live in luxury for sixty years those who create it crowd filthy 

 lanes and courts, garrets and cellars, and live on an average 

 fifteen or twenty years. 



This average of mortality, of course, includes a vast and 

 terrible amount of infant mortality. One-third of all who die 

 in England are under five years old ; in many towns, of 



