4.54 Human Physiology, 



to the true nature and requirements of man, as it is to morality 

 and religion come all the frauds and immoralities of com- 

 merce, all the oppressions of the poor, all slaveries, all conflicts, 

 up to that culmination of all the horrors of human civilisation 

 the deliberate slaughter of men by each other, singly in 

 murders, and with all the power of nations in war. 



Therefore, before there can be a just and humane society 

 upon any system of organisation, the whole selfish system of 

 political economy must be abandoned. The diabolic maxim, 

 every one for himself, must give place to the humane and 

 Christian one, " Each for all." For Christian is human only 

 a restoration of what is highest in man to its rightful place. 

 Christianity is the restoration of humanity, which is, in fact, 

 either as cause or effect, or both in reciprocal action, the organ- 

 isation of a true society. Every system of morals and religion 

 has this for its object to enable duty, conscience, the sense 

 and perception of right and justice, and the elements of love 

 and benevolence, to triumph over the baser, sensual, and selfish 

 elements of human character to bring human nature into the 

 true order of the subjection of the lower to the higher faculties 

 heroic self-government heroic assertion of the right. 



Now there is no true heroism, no true humanity, certainly 

 no true religion in buying cheap and selling dear. In each case 

 a man robs his neighbour. What he should do is to give for 

 every article he buys its actual value as nearly as he can ascer- 

 tain it ; and no one should ask for what he sells, what he can 

 get taking advantage of the buyer's necessity or ignorance 

 to pick his pocket but its true value, or exact equivalent in 

 some other commodity. In most things this can be settled with 

 sufficient accuracy. . One can judge nearly enough of the value 

 or equivalent of a bushel of wheat, in apples or potatoes, oil or 

 wine. When it comes to clothing, furniture, articles of taste 

 and luxury, there is more difficulty ; but honest men, wishing to 

 be just to each other, and scorning to take a base advantage, 



