458 faiman Physiology. 



as to secure to all engaged in it, the economies of the large scale 

 in all the cost of living, and the highest productiveness of 

 labour by increased efficiency in machinery and educated skill. 



Only, in manufactures and commerce there is a difficulty. 

 As paid free labour could never compete with slave labour, so 

 it may be thought that well paid labour could not compete with 

 ill paid; that the partnership or co-operative principle would 

 have to work against half-paid and half-starved operatives. 

 But it is only in the rudest labour of producing a few of the 

 great staples of commerce that slave labour has been successful. 

 All skilled labour is free as far as there can be freedom 

 under the prevailing system. Co-operation will give a still 

 higher class of workmen, with great enthusiasm, great economies, 

 and enhanced production. There will be no limit as to hours 

 but that required by health, machinery can be run night and 

 day by relays of workmen; there will be no trades union rules 

 to limit the amount or keep down the quality of labour. Every 

 man will in a spirit of generous emulation do his best to stand 

 well with his fellows, for all will be interested in the greatest 

 economy and the greatest production, and each one will be 

 held to his duty by the interest of all. Just as in a military 

 corps no soldier dares to act the coward; just as in a game of 

 cricket every player does his utmost to make his side win, in 

 the same esprit de corps the workmen in associated industry 

 would far outdo anything that the wages system has ever 

 achieved. 



And, in an incredibly short time, just as the louts and 

 roughs of our towns and villages are transformed into neat and 

 orderly soldiers, so the whole class of working people would be 

 changed into intelligent, sober, self-respecting, friendly and 

 courteous members of society, having its interests at heart, and 

 labouring not more for personal advancement than the general 

 welfare and happiness. 



I have supposed that, in the first steps of this great transition^. 



