PHOTOGRAPHY OF THE LARYNX. 403 



this is the highest note which this subject is capable of singing 

 with ease, we cannot study the action of the vocal bands in the 

 production of tones in the upper register. 



" It may be remembered that in this larynx the vocal bands 

 increased in length from the low F sharp to the E above. At 

 the next note above they were suddenly shortened. At the next 

 note higher they began to increase in length again, until D, above, 

 was reached, and at E, the note next above, they were again sud- 

 denly shortened. It will be instructive to determine the degree 

 to which the vocal bands were lengthened and at what point in 

 the scale they were longest. We saw that in the lower register 

 the vocal bands were longest in the production of the highest 

 note, and in the middle register they were also longest while the 

 highest note was being sung. By comparing the photographs 

 representing these notes (Fig. 226) it can be seen that the vocal 

 bands were as long, if not the longest, while the highest note of 

 the lower register was being sung. In this subject the vocal 

 bands increase in length in each register, but they attain as great 

 a length in the lower as in either of the registers above, if not 

 greater. It is generally thought that the pitch is raised by the 

 vocal bands increasing progressively in tension and length. In 

 regard to length this is true in some cases, while in others it is 

 only true as applied to a register, not to the whole of the voice. 



" The next series of photographs (not here reproduced) are of a 

 professional singer who possesses a rich contralto voice of large 

 range and good volume. The photographs of the larynx of this 

 subject are strong enough for satisfactory exhibition upon the 

 screen, but too weak for reproduction by the photo-engraving 

 process. Though this singer has as large a range as she whose 

 larynx we have just investigated, the pitch of her speaking 

 voice is several tones higher. Here we shall find that the larynx 

 acts in a very different way from that just examined. The 

 first photograph of this pair was taken while F sharp, treble clef, 

 third line below staff, was being sung ; the second, while she was 

 singing D, treble clef, first space below staff. The right aryten- 

 oid cartilage overlaps its fellow. In the production of the low 

 note the anterior insertions are covered, and we cannot, therefore, 

 see how long the vocal bands really are. The ligamentous portion 

 of the glottis is well open, the chink being much wider behind 

 than in front. The cartilaginous glottis appears to be closed, but 

 I do not think that it really is, but, because of the somewhat 

 unusual setting of the arytenoid cartilages, the cleft between them 

 cannot be seen. As the voice ascends the scale the epiglottis is 

 raised, the vocal bands increase in length, and the chink of the 

 glottis gradually narrowed until at D, the highest note of the 

 lower register, we find that the vocal bands appear to be consid- 

 erably elongated, the chink considerably reduced in width, and the 



