INTRODUCTION. xliii 



universally approved, because it ended a shameful Indian 

 war, which cost $30,000,000 and the lives of ten white 

 men for every Indian slain. The whole world knows we 

 have violated the treaty, and the reason of the failure of 

 the negotiations last year was because our own Commis- 

 sioners did not have authority from Congress to offer the 

 Indians more than one-third the sum for their lands they 

 are already receiving under their old treaty.' 



The Bishop in continuation, and in contrasting the 

 position and treatment of the Indians by the United 

 States Government with that of the Indians living in 

 British possessions, paints the following two pictures, de- 

 scribing most forcibly the advantages of fulfilment over 

 nonfulfilment of treaties : 



4 On one side of the line is a nation that has spent 

 $500,000,000 in Indian wars ; a people who have not 

 one hundred miles between the Atlantic and the Pacific 

 which has not been the scene of an Indian massacre ; a 

 Government which has not passed twenty years without an 

 Indian war ; not one Indian tribe to whom it has given 

 Christian civilisation ; and which celebrates its Cente- 

 nary by another bloody Indian war. On the other side 

 of the line are the same greedy, dominant Anglo-Saxon 

 race, and the same heathen. They have not spent one 

 dollar in Indian wars, and have had no Indian massacres. 

 Why? In Canada the Indian treaties call these men " the 

 Indian subjects of Her Majesty." When civilisation ap- 

 proaches them they are placed on ample reservations, 

 receive aid in civilisation, have personal rights in pro- 

 perty, are amenable to law, and protected by law, have 

 schools, and Christian people send them the best teachers. 

 We expend more than $100 to their $1 in caring for 

 Indian wards.' 



There is not a tribe but could furnish its list of 

 breaches of treaty obligations ; but probably in no case 



