70 THE PLAINS. 



position, give the best view of the country around, and all 

 the approaches to the camp. 



Every animal should be lariated out for grazing. 

 The best arrangement is a very strong leather head-stall, 

 to the lower part of which, and well down under the 

 chin, is firmly secured a stout iron ring. To this ring is 

 fastened one end of a |-inch rope thirty feet in length, the 

 other end of which is fastened by a swivel ring to an iron 

 picket-pin. This last is driven home inta the ground. In 

 tolerably good soil it is almost impossible for a horse 

 either to break the rope or draw the pin, and an attempt to 

 run is met by a sharp and severe wrench on the lower or 

 weakest part of the head, which, if the horse is going 

 pretty fast, will most likely throw him, and thus put a stop 

 to any foolishness on his part. 



This is sufficient for the security of the horses under 

 ordinary circumstances, but when in a country dangerous 

 from white or red thieves additional precautions must be 

 taken. The legs of the horses must be secured. This is 

 done by ' hobbles,' or ' side lines.' Hobbles fasten the 

 forefeet together, side lines the fone. and hind foot on the 

 same side. ' Side lines ' are most secure, hobbles 

 detracting very little from the speed of a really stampeded 

 animal. Though oftentimes absolutely necessary for his 

 safe keeping, both methods of securing him are cruel to 

 the horse, rendering it difficult and painful for him to 

 feed, and greatly injuring his gait. 



During the whole time the animals are grazing they 

 should be surrounded at a convenient distance by a 

 guard, mounted if practicable, and more or less in 

 numbers, depending on the size of the party and the pos- 

 sibility of danger, and with and among the herd should be 

 at least one mounted teamster to every two teams grazing. 



The waggons, having been satisfactorily placed and the 

 animals sent out to graze, the tents are pitched or bivouacs 

 made in such positions as will as nearly as possible 

 surround the animals when tied to the waggons at night. 



