272 MALACOZOA. THOPIOFODA. LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 



Pectunculus echinatus. Lister, Anira. Angl. 188. PI. 5. f. 33. 

 Cardium echinatum. Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 1 122. Cardium echina- 

 tum. Mont. Test. Brit. 78. Cardium echinatum. Penn. Brit. 

 Zool. iv. 90. Cardium echinatum. Turk Brit. Biv. 183. Cardium 

 echinatum. Flem. Brit. Anim. 421. Cardium echinatum. Lamk. 

 Syst. vi. 7 ; Ed. 2. vi. 396. Cardium aculeatum. Linn. Syst. Nat. 

 ii. 1122. Cardium aculeatum. Turt. Brit. Biv. 180. PI. 13. f. 6, 7. 

 Cardium aculeatum. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 90. PI. 50. f. 37. 

 Cardium aculeatum. Flem. Brit. Anim. 420. Cardium aculeatum. 

 Mont. Test. Brit. 77. Cardium aculeatum. Lamk. Syst. vi. 7; 

 Ed. 2. 397. Cardium ciliare. Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 1122. Cardium 

 ciliare. Mont. Test. Brit. 79. Cardium ciliare. Penn. Brit. Zool. 

 iv. 90. PI. 50. f. 39. Cardium ciliare. Lamk. Syst. vi. 6; Ed. 2. 

 vi. 394. 



2. Cardium edule. Eatable Cockle. 



Shell cordate, obliquely roundish, or subtriangular, tumid ; 

 with the dorsal margin short, and either forming a slight angle 

 behind, or sloping ; the umbones very prominent and directly 

 incurved ; each valve with twenty-eight flattened ribs, marked 

 with numerous little elevated, transverse lamellae ; the inter- 

 stices between the ribs narrow ; the colour whitish, or tinged 

 with red or brown ; the inside white, but frequently with a 

 brown or blackish patch toward the posterior margin of each 

 valve ; the margins serrato-plicate. Length an inch and three- 

 fourths, height an inch and a-half. 



It varies greatly : sometimes much elongated behind, some- 

 times roundish ; white, brownish, or reddish-white. Young 

 individuals whiter and more rounded. 



As an article of food this cockle is among the best of the 

 Malacozoa. It may be eaten raw, like the oyster, to which, 

 I think, it is much superior, when found in pure sand. 



Occurs plentifully, and of large size, in the Estuary of the 

 Ythan. 



Pectunculus rotundus, albidus, vulgaris. Lister, Anim. Angl. 189. 

 PI. 5. f. 34. Cardium edule. Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 1124. Cardium 

 edule. Mont. Test. Brit. 76. Cardium edule. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 

 91. PI. 50. f. 41. Cardium edule. Turt. Brit. Biv. 188. Cardium 

 edule. Flem. Brit. Anim. 422. Cardium edule. Lamk. Syst. vi. 

 12 ; Ed. 2. vi. 405. Cardium rusticum. Lamk. Syst. vi. 12 ; Ed. 

 2. vi. 406. Cardium crenulatum. Lamk. Syst. vi. 12; Ed. 2. vi. 

 407. 



3. Cardium fascidtum. Banded Cockle. 



Shell subcordate, nearly orbicular, convex ; with the dorsal 

 margin very short, and forming a slight angle j the valves 



