INDEX. 



ABDOMINAL FISH, has the ventral nearer the tail than the 



pectoral fins, (J49. 



Abstemious life, its great benefit, 174. 



Abstinence, religiously observed long after the Reformation ; 

 Queen Elizabeth's injunction upon this head ; a heavenly institution, 

 from its benefit to individuals and advantage to society, 155 ; re- 

 markable instance of it in the sloth, 444. 



Jicauihujiitrian, a name of the prickly-finned fish, 647. 



Jlcurn, a shell-fish, 694 ; the shell of the acorn filled by an immove- 

 able animal, t*28. 



Adriatic, its empire claimed by the republic of Venice, 68. 



Jr'Jian, his account of the dreadful cavern called the Gulf of Pluto, 

 18. See Eephant, 417. 



JF.tn(i, volcano in Sicily ; remarkable eruption in 1537; an account 

 f it ; the burning seen at Malta, 20 ; the quantity of matter dis- 

 charged, supposed to exceed twenty times the original bulk of the 

 mountain , walls built of materials thrown up by it, 30. 



JEolipiie, an instrument to produce artificial wind ; its description, 

 and the manner of generating violent blasts, ill). 



Africa, its sandy storms, 100; destroy villages and armies, 107; 

 see Animals, 207 ; has the largest and the smallest of the cow kind, 

 235 ; the ferret originally from Africa, 351. 



Age, the mountains of Scotland, Wales, Auvergne, and Switzer- 

 land, furnish more instances of old age, than the plains of Holland, 

 Flanders, Germany, or Poland, 175. See fishes, 611. See Trees, 612. 



Agouti, an animal found in great abundance in South America, 

 and by some called the rabbit of that continent ; it resembles the 

 rabbit, vet is different from ours, and peculiar to the new world ; its 

 description ; its ordinary food ; it has the hair and the voraciousness 

 of the hog ; eats greedily, and hides the remainder ; burrows in hol- 

 low trees ; its manner of feeding and walking ; sight and hearing ; 

 its flesh how dressed ; how hunted and forced out ol its hole ; it turns 

 in its own defence upon the hunters ; its bite and cry ; how tamed ; 

 bears two young at each litter ; breeds at least twice a year ; carries 

 its young about like a cat ; and lodges them in a tree, where they 

 soon become able to provide for themselves, 357. 



Agricola, has seen hats made of mole skins, most beautiful, 372. 



Agriculture, the number of hands employed in the manufacture 

 of silk, turned to agriculture, would increase the quantity of corn to 

 more than equivalent tor the diminution of national wealth in pur- 

 chasing wrought silk from other countries. See Silk-worm. 



Ai, a name of the sloth ; its description, 442. 



Aicurous, a great parrot ; its sagacity and docility, 527. 



Aigaes-miirtes, town in France, a port in the time of St. Louis ; 

 now removed more than four miles from the sea, til. 



Air, the only active agent in earthquakes, 30 ; Amonton's calcu- 

 lation of a moderate degree of heat sufficient t" give the air amazing 

 powers of expansion, 31 ; too fine for our sight, is very obvious to 

 our touch ; its elasticity ; a cubic foot of air weighs more than an 

 ounce, 87, 88 ; a hand upon the mouth of a vessel from which the air 

 has been exhausted, is violently sucked inwards, and why, 88 ; the 

 mouth of such vessel inverted being immersed, the water will rise 

 into the empty space, and fill the glass ; the manner in which this 

 is done ; water never ascends higher than thirty-two feet ; our ordi- 

 nary load of air amounts nearly to forty thousand pounds. 89 ; four 

 thousand pounds weight of air carried at one time more than at 

 another, and why ; the air contained in a nut-shell, may be dilated 

 intounknowndimensions ; the air contained in a house, may be com- 

 pressed into a cavity equal to the eye of a needle ; the increasing 

 elasticity of compressed air augmented by heat would, when expanded, 

 be sufficient for the explosion ofa world, 8!* ; one of the most compound- 

 ed bodies in nature, : 1 ; scarcely any substance resisting its corroding 

 qualities, 91 ; factitious air produced in great quantities from vege- 

 table, animal, or mineral substances ; proves a greater enemy to 

 animals than a vacuum ; a bird enclosed in artificial air, from raisins, 

 died in a quarter of a minute ; a frog, in seven minutes ; a snail put 

 into the receiver, with air of paste, died in four minutes, 93; to 

 be wholesome, should not be of one kind, but a compound of several 

 ubst-mces. !'4 ; how air contributes to the support of our lives ; dis- 

 pute upon it, 97 ; gives life and body to flame, 1*7 ; kindles fire into 



NO 75 & 76. 



flame, moderates the rays of light, and dissipates their violence ; con- 

 veyance of sound ; all the pleasure received from conversation or from 

 music, depends entirely upon the air ; odours are diffused by the air, 98 ; 

 vegetables, or the bodies of animals, left to putrefy , produce air in a 

 very copious manner ; it finds admission into wine or other fermented 

 liquors. and most easily into spirits of wine ; mountains, minerals. vege- 

 tables, animals, and fires, contribute to increase a current of air, 99 ; 

 a tide of air produced by the sun ami moon ; a current of air, driven 

 through a contracted space, grows more violent and irresistible, 104. 



Air-Madder, in fishes, described, 610. See Fishes, &c. 610. 



Air-pump, the experiment on a Curp, t>10. 



Albatross, a bird of the gull kind ; ils description by Edwards ; is 

 an inhabitant of the tropical climates, and other regions, as far as 

 the straits of Magellan in the South Seas ; is the most fierce and 

 formidable of the aquatick tribe ; it chiefly pursues the flying-fish, 

 forced from the sea by the dolphins: Wiquefort's account of this 

 bird ; it seems to have a peculiar affection for the penguin, and a 

 pleasure in its society ; its nest, 578, 579. 



Aibouras, a famous volcano near Mount Taurus, 29. 



Alder, bares will not feed on the bark of it, 346. 



Atgazel, the seventh variety of gazelles with Mr. Buffon, 251. 



Aidrovandus, places the bats aiming birds, 3c3 ; he, having spent 

 a fortune to enlighten mankind, and collected more truth and false- 

 hood than any man, was reduced to want, to suffer ingratitude, and 

 to die in an hospital, 595. 



Alexander's soldiers agitated by curiosity and apprehension at the 

 tides in the river Indus, 76. 



Alligator, or the Cayman, a kind of crocodile, 712. 



Alps, dreadful chasms found in them, 17; Pope's description ofa 

 traveller straining up the Alps, 42 ; the highest point of them not 

 above sixteen hundred toises above the surface of th'e sea, 44. 



Amazons, the greatest river in the world, has its source among 

 the Andes, 42; its course from its origin in the lake of Lauri- 

 cocha, to its discharge in the Western Ocean, is more than twelve 

 hundred leagues : its discharge is through a channel of a hundred 

 and fifty miles broad, after receiving above sixty considerable 

 rivers, 63. 



Ambergris, long considered as a substance found floating on the 

 sea, but since discovered to belong to the cachalot : the balls of am- 

 bergris found in all fishes of this kind, but chiefly in the oldest and 

 strongest, 624. 



Ambrose, (St.) his credulity concerning the halcyon, 602. 



America, exceeds in the size of its reptiles, but is inferior in its 

 quadrupeds, 211; that part of the American continent which lies 

 under the line, is cool and pleasant, 183; the cause of the tawny 

 colour of the North American Indians ; they paint their skins with 

 red ochre, and anoint them with the fat of bears, lt>4; the original 

 cause of their flat heads, 185; American wood-duck described, 598. 

 See Tapir, 214. See Quadrupeds, ib. See Dog, 387. See lints, 

 366. See Rabbits, (Syrian) 351. See Hats, 2o5. See Suruges, 

 who suppose monkies to be men, 410. See Pacoes, 434. See Mode- 

 bird, 540. 



Amia, or Bonito, description of this fish, 650. 



Ammodytes, or the Lance, a fish ; its description, 649. 



Ammodytes, a kind of viper ; it darts with amazing swiftness, 729. 



Amontons. See Air, 31. 



Amour, a river of Eastern Tartary, 62 ; it receives about forty 

 lesser rivers, ib. 



Ampliesbiena, or the double-headed serpent, 740. 



Anarchicas, the wolf-fish, its description, 649. 



Anatomists. See Apes, 205. See Lamprey, 638. 



Anchovy, has no bladder, 611. 



Anda'usia, gennets of that province the best, 218. 



Andes, amazing chasms or fissures in them ; some of these are a 

 mile wide, and others running under ground, resemble a province, 

 17 ; the highest mountains of the world, 29 ; excellent description 

 of them by Ulloa; the Andes are by measure three thousand one 

 hundred and thirty-six toises or fathoms, above the surface of the 

 sea, 45 ; at the top no difficulty of breathing perceived, ib. ; 

 of mules going down the precipices, 227. 



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