AN1 



INDEX. 



AMI 



Anemometr, an instrument to measure the velocity of the wind ; 

 gives no certain information of the force of a storm, 104. 



Anaiira, the cat of Angora. 2ii2; the goat of Angora ; a number 

 of animals about Angora, affording liair for trade ; the camblet 

 made of such hair, 247. 



Arthimu, a bird of the crane kind, of Brazil, 258 ; described ; the 

 cock and the hen prowl together ; when one dies, the other stays by 

 it, and dies also, ib. 



Jlnimals, hold the first rank amidst the infinitely different produc- 

 tions the earth offers ; arc endowed with powers of motion and de- 

 fence, even those fixed to one spot ; organized beings, provided wjtli 

 some defence for their own security ; endued with life and vigour ; 

 Bouie. by nature, violent ; have their enmities and affections ; ulti- 

 mately supported upon vegetables ; those in a dry sunny climate 

 strong and vigorous ; different vegetables appropriated to the dif- 

 ferent appetites, and why ; of domestic kinds, carried from milder 

 countries into the northern climates, quickly degenerate and grow 

 Jess ; in the internal parts of South America and Africa grow to a 

 prodigious size, and why ; no^ so in the cold frozen regions of the 

 North ; the most perfect races have the least similitude to the vege- 

 table productions on which they are ultimately fed ; the meaner the 

 animal, the more local; assume different habits as well as nppear- 

 anccs, and why; some peculiar to every part of the vegetable sys- 

 tem; there are that live upon other animals; this wisely so consti- 

 tuted ; to diminish the number of animals, and increase that of vege- 

 tables, the general scope of human industry ; of the vast variety, 

 very few serviceable to man ; in a catalogue of more than twenty 

 thousand land animals, scarcely a hundred are any way useful to 

 man ; expediency of man's living upon animals as well as vegetables ; 

 Kttlc more known than that the greatest number require the concur- 

 rence of a male and female to reproduce their kind ; and these dis- 

 tinctly and invariably found to beget creatures of their own species, 

 J lit to 123; usual distinction, with respect to their manner of gene- 

 ration, into oviparous and viviparous kinds, I2. r > ; the warmth ot'tlie 

 sun. or of a stove, efficacious in bringing the animal in the egg to 

 perfection, 12C; such parts as the animal has double, or without 

 which it can live, are the latest in production, 128 ; De Graaf has 

 attended the progress and increase of various animals in the womb, 

 and minutely marked the changes they undergo, 129; that which, 

 in proportion to its bulk, takes the longest time for production, the 

 most complete when finished ; of all others, man the slowest in com- 

 ing into life, the most formidable are the least fruitful ; and why ; 

 those which bring forth many engender before they have arrived at 

 half their natural size ; approach more to perfection, whose genera- 

 tion nearly resembles that of man, 132 to 133; men and apes only 

 have eye-lashes upon the upper and lo\ver lids, all others want them 

 on the lower lid, 142; that which has most desires appears capable 

 of the greatest variety of happiness, 153; those of the forest remain 

 without food several weeks ; all endure the want of sleep and hun- 

 ger with less injury to health than man ; nature contracts the sto- 

 machs of carnivorous animals of the forest to suit them to their pre- 

 carious way of living ; but the meaner tribes are still more capable 

 of sustaining life without food, ib. ; some lower animals seem to 

 spend the greatest part of their lives in sleep, 15C ; some affected by 

 music ; instances of it, 157; those furnished with hands have more 

 understanding than others, 170; in general the large animals live 

 longer than the little, 174 ; difference between animals in a state of 

 nature and domestic tameuess, so considerable that Mr. Buffon 

 makes it a principal distinction of classes, 31)11 ; their teeth fitted to 

 the nature of their food ; and their legs as well fitted to their respec- 

 tive wants or enjoyments ; those who chew the cud have four sto- 

 machs ; several that with us have four stomachs, have but two in 

 Africa: no carnivorous animal, except the dog, makes a voluntary 

 attack but with superiority ; the stomach generally proportioned to 

 the nature of the food, or the ease with which it is obtained ; the size 

 of the intestines proportioned to the nature of the food ; few of the 

 wild sort seek their prey in the day time ; in proportion as each car- 

 nivorous animal wants strength, it uses all the assistance of patience, 

 nssirluitv, and cunning ; some animals carefully avoid their enemies 

 by placing sentinels to warn of the approach of danger, and know 

 how to punish such as have neglected their post, or been unmindful 

 of the common safety ; the wild sort subject to few alterations, and 

 in the savage state continue for ages the same, in size, shape, and 

 colour ; is otherwise when subdued and taken under the protection 

 of man ; the tame kind bears no resemblance to its ancestors in the 

 woods ; animals feeding only upon grass, rendered carnivorous ; two 

 instances, 20C to 210 ; Africa ever remarkable for the fierceness of 

 its animals ; the smallest multiply the fastest ; the larger sort bring 

 few at a time ; seldom generate till they be near their full growth ; 

 those which bring manv reproduce before they arrive at half their 

 natural size ; with ail animals, the time of their pregnancy is pro- 



portioned to their size ; in all kinds the intermediate litters the most 

 fruitful ; the first and last generally produce the fewest in number 

 and worst of kind ; natural instinct to choose the proper times of 

 copulation; whatever' the natural deposition of animals, they have 

 all courage to defend their young ; instances of it ; milk in the car- 

 nivorous animals more sparing than in others ; choice of situation 

 in bringing forth, remarkable in animals, 210 to 213; the ass, in a 

 state of lameness, the most gentle and quiet of all animals, 225 ; of 

 all animals covered with hair, the ass the least subject to vermin, 

 22b' ; the zebra, the most beautiful, but the wildest animal in nature, 

 X."J? ; perfectly know their enemies, and howto avoid them ; instances 

 of it, 22!'; best method of classing animals adopted by Ray. Kiien, 

 and Linnteus, 20] ; the author's method of classing them, 909 to 

 JiM ; the carnivorous seek their food in gloomy solitude ; they are 

 sharper than the ruminating kind, and why ; ruminating animals 

 most harmless, and most easily tamed ; generally go in herds tor 

 their mutual security ; live entirely upon vegetables ; the meanest 

 of them unite in each others defence ; carnivorous animals have 

 small stomachs and short intestines; ruminating animals naturally 

 more indolent and less artful than the carnivorous kinds, and why ; 

 their bowels considered as an elaboratory, with proper vessels in it ; 

 nature enlarges the capacity of their intestines, to take in a greater 

 supply ; and furnishes thrrn with four stomachs ; the names of these 

 four stomachs ; the intestines of carnivorous animals are thin and 

 lean : but those of the ruminating sort strong, fleshy, and well 

 covered with fat ; of all others, man spends the least time in eating ; 

 of all ruminant animals the cow kind deserve the first rank, 231 to 

 232; naturalists give various names to the same, only differing in 

 accidental circumstances ; of all, except man, the cow most exten- 

 sively propagated ; greatest variety among cows ; none more hum- 

 ble and pliant of disposition ; the large kind of the torrid zone ; very 

 fond of the water ; some void their dung, when pursued ; this arises 

 rather from fear, than a desire of defence ; the number of the cow 

 kind, bv naturalists extended to eight or ten sorts, reduced to two ; 

 one animal of the cow kind, no naturalist has hitherto described ; it 

 may be added as a third species ; description of it ; all the ruminant 

 internally much alike ; those that take refuge under the protection 

 of man, in a few generations become indolent and helpless ; the 

 sheep, in a domestic state, the most defenceless and inoffensive ; 

 also the most stupid, 237 to 241 ; a great number and variety about 

 Angora; the inhabitant., drive a trade with their hair, 247; the 

 kinds actually not distinguished by the horns, colour, position of 

 the ears, or fineness of the hair, ib. ; the fat, urine, beak, and even 

 dung, of various animals, efficacious in some disorders, 250 ; of all 

 in the world, the gazelle has the most beautiful eye, 251 ; scarcely 

 one animal, except the carnivorous, that does not produce concre- 

 tions in the stomach, intestines, kidneys, bladder, or in the heart, 

 252 ; no naturalists inform us whether that which bears the musk be a 

 ruminant, or of the hog kind, 250; by a general rule* every animal 

 lives about seven or eight times the number of years it continues to 

 grow, 25!) ; of all natives of this climate, none have such a beauti- 

 tiful eye as the stag, 2(iO ; no two more nearly allied than the stag 

 and the fallow deer, yet form distinct families, and never engender 

 together, -^(i5 ; many that onr.e flourished in the world, may now be 

 extinct, 208; of all the deer kind the rein-deer the most extraordi- 



only not afraid singly to make opposition to the lion, arc the ele- 

 phant, the rhinoceros, the tiger, and the hippopotamus, 2!>5 ; of all 

 American, the tiger the most formidable ami mischievous, 3111 ; the 

 generality have greater agility, greater mviftness, and more ll.rmi- 

 dable arms, from nature, than man ; and their senses, particularly 

 that of smelling, are far more perfect ; those living upon flesh hunt 

 by nature, 300; all under the influence of man, are subject to 

 great variations, 310 ; many in this country bred between a<l":r mil 

 a fox, 315; all savage, that have once tasted human flesh, never re- 

 frain from pursuing mankind. :W(i ; those of flu- north, in winter, 

 are more hairy, than those of milder climates ; and what the causn, 

 331 ; of the arctic climates, have their winter and summer gar- 

 ments, except as far north as Greenland, ib. ; of the weasel kind, 

 the martin the most pleasing, 334 ; feeding entirely upon vegeta- 

 bles, are inoffensive and timorous, 345 ; remarkable for speed ; ex- 

 cept the horse, have the hind feet longer than the fore feet ; none 

 receives the male when pregnant except the hare, 34(i ; hares the 

 only that have hair on the inside of their mouths. 347 ; few of the 

 wild kind have so many varieties as the squirrel, 351 ; all are tamed 

 more difficultly in proportion to their cowardice, 365 ; in all coun- 

 tries, civilized and improved, the lower ranks of animals repressed 

 and degraded, 38i) ; the beaver the only that in its fore parts re- 



