10 



CAP 



INDEX. 



CAS 



America, but have multiplied in neither ; they might perhaps pro- 

 duce in these countries, but would in a few years degenerate ; their 

 strength and their patience would forsake them ; and instead of 

 enriching become a burden to their keepers ; uses to which this 

 animal is put among (lie Arabians ; its education ; it has a fifth 

 stomach, which serves as a reservoir to hold a greater quantity of wa- 

 ter than immediately wanted ; when the camel finds itself pressed 

 with thirst, it throws up a quantity of this water by a simple con- 

 traction of the muscles, into the other stomachs ; travellers, when 

 straitened for water, have often killed their camels for what they 

 expected to find within them ; countries where commerce is carried 

 on by means of camels ; trading journeys in caravans ; capable of 

 carrying a thousand weight ; their food ; pursue their way when 

 the guides are utterly astray ; its patience and docility when load- 

 ed; Buffon considers the camel to be the most domesticated of all 

 other creatures ; in what manner the female receives the male ; 

 one male left to wait on ten females, the rest castrated ; they live 

 from forty to fifty years ; every part of this animal converted to 

 some useful purpose ; its very excrements are not useless, 430 to 433. 



Camclfon, its dimensions and appetites ; has a power of driving 

 the air it breathes over every part of the body, 719; changes of its 

 colour ; it is an error that it assumes the colour of the object that it 

 approaches ; description of it by Lc Brun, 720 ; it often moves one 

 eye, when the other is at rest ; sometimes one eye seems to look 

 directly forward, while the other looks backward ; and one looks 

 upward, while the other regards the earth, ib. 



Camelojiard described ; dimensions of a young one ; inhabits 

 the deserts of Africa ; no animal, from its disposition or its forma- 

 tion, less fitted for a state of natural hostility ; it lives entirely upon 

 vegetables, and when grazing, spreads its fore-legs wide to reach 

 the pasture ; known to the ancients, but rarely seen in Europe ; 

 often seen tame at Grand Cairo, in Egypt ; Pompey exhibited at 

 one time ten upon the theatre, 429. 



Camerarius, his description of the perfections a horse ought to 

 possess, 222. 



Canada, above thirty thousand martins' skins usually imported 

 from that country into England, 33C. 



Canal. See Blood, 173. 



Canary-bird taught to pick up the letters of the alphabet at the 

 word of command, to spell any person's name in company, 450 ; by 

 the name originally from the Canary Islands ; comes to us from 

 Germany, where they are bred in numbers ; at what period brought 

 into Europe is not known ; about a century ago they were sold at 

 very high prices, and kept only for the amusement of the great ; in 

 its native islands it is of a dusky gray colour, and so different from 

 those seen in Europe, as to raise a doubt about its species : rules 

 and instructions for breeding them in a domestic state ; apparatus 

 for breeding in Germany ; food the old ones must be supplied with, 

 when the young ones are excluded ; so prolific are these birds 

 sometimes, that the female will be ready to hatch a second time 

 before the first is able to quit the nest ; this bird kept in company 

 with the linnet, or the gold-finch, pairs and produces a mixed 

 breed, most like the canary-bird, and resembling it in its song, 

 544, 545. 



Canary-boar described. 287. 



Cancerous breasts cured by the sucking of the rubeth, or the 

 land-toad, 7(15. 



Candle quickly extinguishes in an exhausted receiver, and why ; 

 07. 



Cannons filled with water, and left to freeze, burst, 52. 



Cuntharidcs, well known in the shops by the name of Spanish 

 flies, and for their use in blisters ; their description, with the dif- 

 ferences from eacii other ; the countries where, and trees on 

 which, they are seen ; it is reported, that the country people ex- 

 pect the return of these insects every seven years ; their bad 

 smell is a guide for those who catch them ; they smell so disagree- 

 able, as to be perceived at a great distance, especially about sun- 

 set, though not seen at the time ; they yield a deal of volatile 

 caustic salt ; their qualities ; the effects fall principally upon the 

 urinary passages ; in what manner they are killed, 822, 823. 



Cape dc Vcr<Le islands ; a south wind prevails in them during 

 the month of July, 10). 



Cape of Good Hope, a north-west wind blows there during the 

 month of September, 101 ;. at the Cape of Good Hope it is custom- 

 ary to hunt the elephant for its teeth ; in what manner ; account 

 of an unhappy huntsman, 424. 



Cujiibara, or cahiai, an animal resembling a hog of about two 

 years old ; its description ; some naturalists have called it the 

 water-hog, and why ; a native of South America, and chiefly 

 .frequenting the borders of lakes and rivers, like the otter ; it 

 seizes the fiah, upon which it preys, with its hoofs and teeth ; lives 



also upon fruits, corn, and sugar-canes ; is often seen sitting up 

 like a dog that is taught to beg ; its cry resembles the braying of 

 an ass, more than the grunting of a hog ; its only place of safety 

 is the water, into which it plunges when pursued, and keeps so 

 long at the bottom, that the hunter can have no hopes of taking 

 it there ; when young is easily tamed ; its flesh has a fishy taste, 

 but its head is said to be excellent, 484, 485. 



Capons taught to clutch a fresh brood of chickens throughout 

 the year, ^96. 



Capon of Pkaratih, supposed the true ibis ; is a devourer of ser- 

 pents, and follows the caravans that go to Mecca, to feed upon the 

 offal of the animals lulled on the journey, 557. 



Caracal, or the siagush, a native of the East Indies, resembles 

 the lynx in size and form, 304. 



Caracal, a town situated at the foot of the Andes, 43. 



Caraguatii, a plant in the West Indies, which clings round the 

 tree it happens to be near ; it keeps away that nourishment de- 

 signed to feed the trunk, and at last entirely destroys its supporter, 

 WO. 



Carapo, description of this fish, G49. 



Carassa, a volcano in South America, 29. 



Caravan, a single lion of the desert often attacks an entire cara- 

 van, 293; the assemblage called a caravan sometimes composed of 

 numbers amounting to ten thousand, 431. 



Carcajou, name given by the North Americans to the glutton ; 

 its manner of killing the rein-deer, 277. 



Caribou, name the North Americans give the rein-deer, 273. 



Carli, (Father) See Monkey, 410. 



Carnitorous animals, there is one class that pursue in a pack, 

 and encourage each other by their mutual cries ; generally lead a 

 life of famine and fatigue ; support a state of famine for several 

 weeks together, 208, 209 ; milk in those animals is more sparim* 

 than in others, 212. See Animals, 231, 232. 



Carnivorous birds seek for such as are of the size most approach- 

 ing their own, 470. See Birds. 



Carp, an experiment made with this fish in a large vase of wa- 

 ter, under an air-pump, 609 ; one found by Buffon not less than a 

 hundred years old ; this discovery confirmed by other authors, Cll ; 

 continues in the egg not above three weeks, 613 ; Mr. Tull famous 

 for his invention of spaying carp to give it a fine flavour, ib. ; its 

 description, 650 ; the method of fattening it in a damp cellar ; it 

 has been known thus to live for a fortnight, to grow exceedingly 

 fat, and to get a superior flavour, 652. 



Carriers, pigeons used to carry letters, 532. 



Carrion-crow, resembles the raven in its appetites, its laying, 

 and manner of bringing up its young, 514. 



Cartesius, his theory to explain the invariable motion of the 

 winds, not quite BO absurd as that of Dr. Lyster, 100. 



Carthagcna, in America ; the heat of the hottest day ever 

 known in Europe is continual there ; the heat of its climate 

 affects the speech of its inhabitants, which is soft and slow, and 

 their words generally broken ; more than three parts of our army 

 destroyed by the climate, in our unsuccessful attack upon it. 94. 



Carthamus, or bastard-saffron, strongly purgative to mau ; par- 

 rots very fond of it, 528. 



Cartilage, the thyroid cartilage, 147 ; cartilages in youth elastic 

 and pliant, in age become at last hard and bony, and why, 173. 



Cartilaginous fishes ; their general conformation ; supposed 

 they grow larger every day till they die ; their internal structure ; 

 are possessed of a two-fold power of breathing ; apertures by 

 which they breathe ; the cartilaginous shark, or ray, live for some 

 hours after they are taken ; fishes of this tribe possessed of powers 

 that other fishes are wholly deprived of; can remain under water, 

 without taking breath ; and can venture their heads above the 

 deep, and continue for hours out of their native element ; their 

 season and manner of copulating, and of bringing forth ; little 

 difference between the viviparous and the oviparous kinds in this 

 class of fishes ; five divisions of the cartilaginous fish, 627, 628. 



Cassowary, a bird first brought into Europe by the Dutch from 

 Java, in the East Indies, where only it is found ; its description ; 

 the part which most distinguishes this animal is the head, which 

 inspires some deo-ree of terror ; its internal parts described ; t'jeir 

 intestines are thirteen times shorter than those of the Oslric h ; it 

 has the head of a warrior, the eye of a lion, the defence of a por- 

 cupine, and the swiftness of a courser ; is not fierce in its natural 

 character; how it defends itself; extraordinary manner of going; 

 swallows every thing that comes within the capacity of its gullet ; 

 the Dutch assert that it can devour glass, iron, and stones, and can 

 even live on burning coals, without the smallest fear, or the least 

 injury ; the largest of its eggs is fifteen inches round one way, and 

 twelve the other ; placet where this animal is found , it has not 



