18 



EGG 



INDEX. 



ELE 



tions bore their ears, and draw that part down, till die tip of the ear 

 rests upon the shoulder, 145 ; " the richest jewels in an thiop's 

 ear," a proverb, ib. ; undulations, which strike the ear, supposed 

 but one continued sound, by their quick successions, though in 

 reality they make many, 1U4 ; persons hear differently with one ear 

 from the other ; these have what musicians call a bad ear ; and, as 

 hearing false, also sing false ; such persons also deceived as to the 

 side whence the sound conies, 167 ; from what cause the long ears 

 of the Tartars'and Chinese, 185; those of the hare moveablc, and 

 capable of direction to every quarter, 34C ; are remarkably good. 

 347; birds have not the external ear standing out from the head; 

 probably the feathers encompassing the ear-holes, supply the defect 

 of the exterior car, 451. 



Earth, its globe a million of times less than the sun. 1 ; placed at 

 a happy distance from the centre, in our solar system ; less distant 

 from the sun than Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars, and less parched up 

 than Venus and Mercury, situated too near the violence of its 

 power ; the earth, like a chariot-wheel, has a compound motion ; its 

 rotunditv proved, 3 ; is rather flatted at the poles, and its form re- 

 sembles that of a turnip, ib. ; considered as one scene of extensive 

 desolation, 7 ; supposed by Buffon a globe of glass : by Whiston a 

 sphere of heated iron ; by Kircher one dreadful volcano ; by Burnet 

 a great mass of water ; composed of different layers or beds, lying 

 horizontally one over the other, like the leaves of a book, 15. 



Earth (garden) or mound-earth, a kind of mother, never found 

 an enemy to man, 15 ; black earth formed by decayed leaves and 

 branches in Burgundy, 10; drying and astringent earth preserves 

 bodies from coi ruption, l!!f> ; all such earths as ierment with vinegar, 

 are a composition of shells, decayed, and crumbled down to one 

 uniform mass, 6eO. 



Earthquakes frequent through a whole region where a volcnno is 

 situated, 20 ; various kinds of them distinguished by philosophers, 

 and by Mr. Buffon ; air the only active operator in them ; several 

 opinions upon the cause of them ; activity of internal heat alone 

 sufficient to account for every appearance attending earthquakes ; 

 twelve cities in Asia Minor swallowed up in one night ; extraordi- 

 nary earthquake related by Pliny ; the city of Antioch, and a great 

 part of the adjacent country, buried by an earthquake ; in 1594 an 

 earthquake at Puteoli caused the sea to retire 200 yards from its for- 

 mer bed ; account of that in the year 1693, extending to a circum- 

 ference of two thousand six hundred leagues ; minute description 

 of that in Jamaica in 1692, 30 to 33; account of the dreadful shock 

 in Calabria in 1638, 34 ; concomitant circumstances attending 

 earthquakes, 35. 



Eurt/i-icorm of America often a yard in length, and as thick as a 

 walking-cane, 190 ; multiplied by being cut in pieces, 125; its de- 

 scription, 829. See Worms. 



Eanri", its habits ; reproaches groundless about this animal ; its 

 food, 778; general characteristics of the kind ; lives in its winged 

 state a few days ; dies to all appearance consumptive, ib. 



East-Indies, favourable months of embarking for them, 101. 



Echineis, the sucking fish, its description, 6t>0. 



Echini, or urchin, a multivalve shell fish, 693. See Urchins. 



Echo, no art can make an echo, 167. 



Edgar. King of England, the first who attempted to rid this king- 

 dom of wolves, and in what manner, 321. 



Edward I. issued his mandate to Peter Corbet to superintend and 

 assist in the destruction of wolves, 321. 



Edward III. made it felony to steal a hawk, 482. 



Edward IV. his act concerning swans, 595. 



Eel described, 649. 



Effluvia from diseased bodies propagate disorders called infec- 

 tious, 96. 



Egg, all birds, most fishes, and many of the insect tribes, brought 



quadrupeds brought forth from the egg, above two hundred at a 

 time, 213 ; the ichneumon discovers and destroys the eggs of the 

 crocodile, 337 ; the crocodile lays in the sand, at a time three or 

 four hundred, 338; some eggs only addled by incubation, 454 ; such 

 birds as undisturbed lay but two or three eggs, when their eggs are 

 stolen, lay ten or twelve ; a common hen, moderately fed, lays above 

 one hundred from the beginning of spring to the latter end of 

 autumn, 456 ; some of the ostrich's weigh above fifteen pounds, 

 464 ; Galen thought the eggs of hens and pheasants good to be 

 eaten ; those of geese and ostriches are the worst of all, 466 ; and 

 those hatched in the hot sand, where laid, 70 ; taking the eggs of a 

 hawk, even in a person's own ground, punished with imprisonment 

 for a year and a day, and a fine at the king's pleasure, in the reign 

 of Edward III. 482; inhabitants of Norway prepare from the eggs 



of the porpoise a kind of caviar, or delicate sauce, and good when 

 eaten with bread, (126 ; manner in which the eo-gs of fishes are im- 

 pregnated, wholly unknown, 657 ; doubts whether fish come from 

 the egg completely formed, ib. ; those of the turtle hatched by the 

 sun, 675. 



Eggs (Sea) name given in our cabinets to a multivalve shell-fish 

 called echini, or urchins, by naturalists, 693 ; those of the sea-urchin 

 a great delicacy, 694 ; opening the body of a queen-bee, there ap- 

 peared in it five thousand eggs, 803. 



Eglantine, found at a well dug at Marly. 17. 



Egy/it has south winds so hot during summer, that respiration is 

 almost stopped by them ; they are charged with such quantities of 

 sand, that they darken the air, as with a cloud ; continuing for any 

 length' of time, they produce epidemic diseases; it rains very sel- 

 dom in that country ; but the want of showers is compensated by 

 the copiousness of their dews, 104, 105 ; the catacombs, 196 ; a 

 mummy, not long since dug up in France, shows the art of embalm- 

 ing was more completely understood in the western world, than in 

 Egypt itself, 197 ; the Tingitanians and Egyptians have now the 

 fame of rearing the finest horses, both for size and beauty, 218 ; the 

 ichneumon used in this kingdom, for the same purposes that cats 

 are in Europe, 337. 



Egyptian. See Embalming. See Ibis. 



Eider duck, 598 ; remarkable for the warmth of its nest, 599. 



Elaboratory, bowels of ruminating animals considered as an ela- 

 boratory, with vessels in it, 38 ; the chemical apparatus for hatching 

 chickens, 496. 



Elasticity of the air, 87. 



Elder-berries hurtful to cocks, 497. 



Elephant, not afraid singly to make opposition to the lion, 295 ; 

 not less remarkable for its size than its docility ; all historian's con- 

 cur in giving it tho character of the most sagacious animal next to 

 man ; its height from seven to fifteen feet ; impossible to give an 

 idea of this animal's figure by description ; assisted by the art of the 

 engraver, it will but confusedly represent the original ; general ob- 

 servations about its conformation ; of all quadrupeds, the elephant 

 the strongest and largest, yet neither fierce nor formidable ; in its 

 native deserts seldom alone, being a social friendly creature ; tho 

 oldest conducts the band ; the next in seniority brings up the rear ; 

 order maintained in dangerous marches ; never so far asunder as to 

 be incapable of reciprocal assistance ; their invasions the more dis- 

 agreeable, there being no means of repelling them, since an attempt 

 to molest a drove would certainly be fatal ; manner of going against 

 him who offers the insult ; do no personal injury when suffered to 

 feed uninterrupted ; molested by man, they seek all occasions to be 

 revenged ; where they like best to live in this natural state ; cannot 

 live far from water, and always disturb it before they drink ; often 

 fill their trunk with water to cool it, or by way of play to spurt it 

 out like a fountain ; equally distressed by the extremes of heat and 

 cold ; swim from the continent into islands some leagues distant ; 

 frequently migrate from one country to another, and why ; their 

 food of the vegetable kind, loathing all sort of animal diet ; one 

 finding a spot of good pasture, invites the rest to partake of it; pre- 

 cautions by Negroes and Indians against them ; they often break 

 through their fence, destroy the harvest, overturn their habitations, 

 and then retreat in order, as they made the irruption ; looks with 

 attention and friendship at its master ; its ears wipe its eyes, and 

 cover them against the flies and dust ; it likes music, learns to beat 

 time, moves in measure, and joins its voice to the sound of drum 

 and trumpet ; is pleased with the odours that dcliyht man ; the 

 orange flower particularly grateful to its taste and smell ; picks up 

 flowers, and is pleased with the scent ; seeks the most odoriferous 

 plants for food ; prefers the cocoa, the banana, the palm, and tho 

 sago tree, to all others ; eats plants to the roots ; their sense of 

 touching most delicate ; description of its trunk ; serving all the 

 purposes of a hand ; breathes, drinks, and smells through the trunk ; 

 takes a pin from the ground, and unties the knots of a rope, unlocks 

 a door, and writes with a pen ; jElian saw an elephant write Latin 

 characters on a board, his keeper only showing him the figure of 

 each letter, 416 to 418; an object too large for the trunk to srasp, 

 is sucked up by its breath, lifted, and sustained ; the trunk its organ 

 of smelling, of touching, of suction, of ornament, and defence; its 

 neck is so short that it must turn about to discover what is behind ; 

 how the hunters escape its resentment ; a description of its legs; 

 while young it bends the legs, but when old or sickly, it wants hu- 

 man assistance, and chooses to sleep standing ; a description of its 

 feet, and of its tusks; these with age become so heavy, that it is 

 obliged to rest them in holes in the walls of its stall ; they are 

 two ; their amazing size ; they proceed from the upper jaw, not 

 from the frontal-bones ; and are not horns, as some have supposed ; 

 nor ever shed in a domestic state ; extraordinary manner of eating; 



