ELE 



INDEX. 



EilM 



19 



is not a ruminating animal ; its stomach and intestines resemble 

 those of a horse ; opinion that the young elephant sucks witli its 

 trunk, not with its mouth, referred to future discoveries ; the skin 

 not covered with hair ; a few bristles in the scars and wrinkles of 

 the hody, and thinly scattered over the skin ; the hide resembles 

 the bark of an old tree more than the skin of an animal ; is subject 

 to that disorder known by the name of the elephantiasis, or Ara- 

 bian leprosy ; in what manner the Indians endeavour to prevent 

 it ; the flies torment this animal incessantly ; what arts it tries to 

 keep them off; in a state of nature, it rarely quits the river, and 

 often stands in water up to the belly, 41!', 420 ; from time imme- 

 morial employed for the purposes of labour, of war, to increase the 

 grandeur of Eastern princes, or to extend their dominions ; is a na.- 

 tive of Africa and Asia, still retains its natural liberty in Africa ; 

 during the splendour of the Carthaginian empire they were used in 

 the wars; no elephant found on this side Mount Atlas; places 

 where tiiey are in great numbers ; the greatest elephants found in 

 Asia : their price increases in proportion to their size ; the largest 

 kept for princes ; their colour ; that appropriated for the monarch's 

 own riding, kept in a palace, attended by nobles, and almost adored 

 by the people ; opinions concerning the white elephant ; the East- 

 ern princes maintain as many elephants as they are able, and place 

 freat confidence on their assistance in an engagement ; thr-y never 

 reed in a state of servitude, and the generative powers fail when 

 it comes under the dominion of man ; duration of pregnancy in the 

 female still a secret; what Aristotle and others say concerning this 

 and their young is doubtful; method of taking them wild in the 

 woods ; Negroes of Africa who hunt this animal for its flesh, take 

 it in pit-falls ; its attachment to the person who attends it ; it com- 

 prehends several of the signs made to it ; distinguishes the tone of 

 command from that of anger or approbation, and acts accordingly ; 

 executing orders with prudence, eagerly, yet without precipitation; 

 is taught to kneel down to receive its rider, usually mounted upon 

 its neck ; caresses those it knows ; salutes such as ordered to dis- 

 tinguish, and helps to take up part of its load ; takes a pleasure in 

 the finery of its trappings ; draws chariots, cannon, or shipping, 

 with strength, perseverance, and satisfaction, provided it be not 

 corrected without a cause, and that its master be pleased with its 

 exertions ; in what manner the conductor guides it ; frequently 

 takes such an affection to its keeper, as to obey no other ; has been 

 known to die of grief for killing its conductor in a fit of madness ; 

 surprising instance of moderation in its fury ; a word sufficient to 

 put it in motion, 420, 421 ; a century or two ago, the Indian gene- 

 rals made great dependence upon the number and the expertnes-s 

 9!" their elephants ; of late they are little used, except for drawing 

 cannon, and transporting provisions ; still they are used in war in 

 Siam. in Cochin-China, in Tonquin, and Pegu; in what manner 

 armixi and led to battle ; effects of its fury in the field ; those placed 

 upon its back, in a square tower, combat as from an eminence, and 

 fllBg dowll their \vcapons with double force ; nothing more dread- 

 ful or more irresistible than such moving machines to men unac- 

 quainted witli the modern arts of war; Romans quickly learned the 

 art of opening their ranks to admit the elephant, and separating it 

 from assistance, compelled its conductors to sooth the animal's 

 fury, and to submit ; sometimes, instead of obeying, turned upon 

 those it was employed to assist ; one elephant is known to consume 

 as much as forty men in a day ; they are now chiefly employed in 

 carrying or drawing burdens throughout the Peninsula of India ; it 

 can with ease draw more than six horses can remove ; it carries 

 upon its back three or four thousand weight, and upon its tusks it 

 can support near a thousand ; when pushed, it moves as swiftly as 

 a horse at full gallop ; it travels fifty or sixty miles a day, and, 

 hard pressed, almost double that quantity ; heard trotting on at a 

 rcat distance ; its track is deeply impressed on the ground, and 

 rom fifteen to eighteen inches in diameter ; used in India as exe- 

 cutioners, and with what dexterity they perform the horrid task ; 

 sometimes they impale the prisoner on their enormous tusks ; two 

 surprising instances how sensible it is of neglect ; the keeper de- 

 spising its endeavours when launching a ship, the animal redoubled 

 its efforts, fractured its skull, and died upon the spot ; revenge one 

 of them took upon a tailor who pricked its trunk with a needle in 

 Delhi ; is mindful of benefits ; instance of it ; at the Cape of Good 

 Hope they are liuntnd f >r the sake of their teeth ; in what manner ; 

 an account of an unhappy huntsman ; teeth of the elephant found 

 in a fossil state ; two grinding teeth, and part of the tusk of an ele- 

 phant, discovered at the depth of forty-two yards in a lead-mine in 

 Flintshire ; tusks of the elephants that come from Africa, seldom 

 exceed two hundred and fifty pounds ; it is defeated by the rhino- 

 ceros ; tusks of the Mammoth, often found fossil in Siberia, gene- 

 rally supposed to belong to the elephant, 423, 424. 



E/r.p/tantiasis, or the Arabian leprosy, a disease to which man 



I 



and tlio elephant are equally subject ; in what manner the Indians 

 endeavour to preserve the elephant from it, 420. 



Elizabeth (f^ir.oi,) her injunction upon fasting ; in the author's 

 opinion very unwise, 155 ; in her times, the whole kingdom could 

 not supply two thousand horses to form the cavalry, '222. 



his principal experiment upon coroline substances ; he pnt 

 it past doubt, that corals and spnngcs were entirely the work of ani- 

 mals of the reptile or polypus kind. K17. 



Elk, its size equal to that of the elephant ; is an animal rather of 

 tho buck than the stag kind ; known in America by the name of 

 the moose-deer ; is sometimes taken in the German and Russian 

 forests, but extremely common in North America ; its horns for- 

 tuitously dug up in many parts of Ireland, measuring ten feet nine 

 inches from tip to tip ; a small one the size of a horse, and the 

 horns a little larger than those of a common st.ig ; Jocolyn and 

 Dudley describe this animal above eleven feet high ; others extend 

 their accounts to twelve and fourteen feet ; never disturbs any other 

 animal, when supplied itself; a female of this kind shown at Paris 

 in the yonr 17-12; its description; they gave it thirty pounds of 

 bread every day, besides hav, and it drank ei"-ht buckets of water, 

 200, 270. 



Elk (.Imcriran,) of two kinds, the gray and the black ; describ- 

 ed ; they prefer cold countries, feeding upon grass in summer, and 

 the bark of trees in winter ; time and manner of hunting them ; its 

 flesh very well tasted, and very nourishing ; its hide strong, and so 

 thick as to turn amnsket-ball ; yet is soil and pliable ; the horns ap- 

 plied to all the purposes for which hartshorn is beneficial ; this ani- 

 mal troubled with the epilepsy ; is but very indifferently and con- 

 fusedly described by travellers ; their various descriptions, 270, 271 ; 

 in what manner killed by the glutton, 34.1. 



Elops, or Sea,-serpent, its description, 040. 



Ely, an island, the country round it was once a most delightful 

 spot ; produced grapes that afforded excellent wine ; the sea break- 

 ing in, overwhelmed the whole country, 102. 



Emtimtcl, (king of Portugal.} to try the strength of the elephant 

 and rhinoceros, made them fight, and the elephant was defeated, 42<i. 



Embalming, the Egyptians carried this art to perfection ; copious 

 detail of this art as practised among them ; in Genesis, Joseph see- 

 ing his father expire, ordered his physicians to embalm the body, 

 1!':!; various methods of embalming, ib. ; the art still among the 

 Guanches, ancient inhabitants of the island of Teneriffe, when the 

 Spaniards conquered it ; particulars of their method of embalming ; 

 the Peruvians also understood this art, according to Father Acasto, 

 104 ; a mummy lately dug up in France, shows the art more com. 

 pletely understood in the western than the pastern world, 107. 



Embroidery, done in India with porcupine quills, as belts, baskets 

 and necessary pieces of furniture, 376*. 



Embryo, its first rudiments ; in a month an inch long ; the male 

 developes sooner than the female ; progress and increase of it, 130 

 to l:!2; in the human, the under-jaw much advanced before tho 

 upper, 144 ; brain and spinal marrow, first seen begun, 54 ; the 

 bones as soft as the flesh, 170. 



Emigration, causes of emigration of birds, 457; manner perform- 

 ed, 458, 459. 



Emu. an inhabitant of the New Continent, called also the Ameri- 

 can ostrich ; description and places where found ; runs so swiftly, the 

 dogs lose the pursuit ; one surrounded by hunters, the dogs avoided 

 its rage ; peculiar in hatching its young ; the young at first familiar ; 

 follow any person ; as they grow older, become cunning and dis- 

 trustful ; their flesh good to be eaten ; they live entirely upon 

 grass, 466, 467. 



Encoubert of Buffon, the tatou of Ray, a shelly quadruped, 382. 



England claims dominion over the seas encompassing Great 

 Britain and Ireland ; losing its superiority upon the ocean, its safe 

 ty becomes precarious, 08; late as King James I. the court still 

 furnished with a dwarf, a giant, and a jester, 188; the ass entirely 

 lost under queen Elizabeth, 226 ; more famous for its venison than 

 any other country in the world, 267 ; not infested with wolves, 321 

 the viper the only venomous animal there, 735. 



Enquiries most intricate generally most useless, 125. 



Entry, a term in the chase of the stag, 202. 



Ephemera, various kinds of this insect ; ita description, colours 

 of their aurelias ; their transmutations ; places where found in 

 abundance ; short duration ; their impregnation, 780, 781. 



Epicure, the greatest has the most depraved taste, 170. 



E/iipnaniits (.?/.) lived a hundred and fifteen years, 155. 



Ei/uator, description of the regions under it, 4. 



Ermine, its description; alike in figure to the weasel; its fur the 



most valuable of any ; the time in which it is called the stoat ; 



manner of moulting its hair ; one ate honey, and died shortly after; 



oroof of a distinct species from the pole-cat or the martin ; one of 



6 H* 



