20 



EYE 



INDEX. 



FER 



those, fed with eggs and flesh, lot them putrefy before it touched 

 either ; in Siberia taken in traps baited with flesh, and in Norway 

 shot with blunt arrows, or taken in traps; their skins a valuable 

 article of commerce in Siberia ; sometimes found white in Great 

 Britain, and is then called the white weasel ; its fur among us of no 

 value, 330 to 332 ; preys upon the leming, 370 



Erne, kind of eagle ; its distinctive marks, 476. 



Eruption of a volcano, remarkable, in 1537, 26 ; of Vesuvius, in 

 which Pliny the naturalist was suffocated, and the city of Hercula- 

 neum was overwhelmed; another of the same mountain, in 1707, 

 described; of Cotopaxi, in 1743, described by Ulloa ; matter thus 

 exploded lies a little below the bed of the mountains, in Mr. Buf- 

 fon's system ; but supplied from the deeper regions of the earth ; 

 the greatest part of Sicily seems covered with the eruptions of 

 mount Etna, 27 to 30. 



Escu/a/jian serpent of Italy ; its excrement a pleasing perfume, 

 730; a domestic creature, 741. 



Esox,or the pike, description of this fish, 650. 



Esquimaux Indians described, 178. 



Evaporation, cold diminishing the force of menstruums, promotes 

 evaporation ; theory for the formation of the clouds, 108 ; prevented 

 by moist weather ; dry frost assists evaporation, ib. 



Evils, thousands of natural evils permitted to exist in the world, 

 and why, 6. 



Eunuchs, of two kinds, the white and the black, 130; made in 

 Italy to improve the voice ; instance, in our country, of a very fine 

 woman married to an eunuch, ih. 



Eujthamia, a city in Calabria, sunk by an earthquake, 35. 



Euphrates, a river, its sources, 62 ; receives eleven rivers, 64. 



Eurites, a city swallowed by an earthquake, 47. 



Europeans resemble our common parent more than any of the 

 rest of his children. 185 ; argument which suffices to prove it, 186. 



Eusfac/iiun tube a passage from the ear into the mouth ; its 

 use, 167. 



Eice. See Buck-goat, 241. 



Excri.mr.nl s of some serpents kept as the most pleasing perfume 

 at Calicut and Cranganon, in East India, 730. 



Executioner, elephants in India used as such ; impale the crimi- 

 nals on their tusks, 424. 



Exercise. (Manual,) hares taught to go through it, 347. 



Exhalations, mineral, raised by subterranean heat, 163 ; when 

 copious every where fatal, 95. 



Ex.ocr.lus, the flying fish, its description, 650. 



Expt.ru.nre, repeated, shows how seldom pains are suffered, or 

 pleasures enjoyed, to the utmost, 177. 



Expirimriit, by Mr. Belcher, upon the circulation of the blood 

 through the bones, 173 ; made by approaching a looking-glass to 

 the mouth to discover breathing, very uncertain, 177; of a carp 

 placed under an air-pump, IJ10 ; the famous experiment of Malpighi, 

 concerning the stigmata of the caterpillar, 7S6. 



Extramuuf, or fossil shells, found in the bowels of the earth; in 

 this class there are as many kinds as in the sea itself, 680. 



Eyes, opened by the infant the moment of its birth. 133; particu- 

 larly in them the passions are painted, 141 ; small and nearly closed, 

 ure liked in China and Japan, 140; different colours of the eye, 

 whence they arise ; eyes of oxen are brown ; those of sheep of a 

 water-colour ; of goats are gray ; and those of most white animals 

 are red ; distance between the eyes less in man than in any other ani- 

 mal. 142 ; iMontaigne disliked those men who shut one eye in look- 

 ing upon any object, 145; in what circumstances women with child 

 are said to be all mouth and eyes ; the lower eye-lids, in women with 

 child drawn downwards, 148; of all parts the animal has double, 

 the eyes produced soonest, and appear the most prominent, 159 ; pri- 

 vation of feeling and sight would misrepresent the situation and 

 number of all things around us, ib. ; two contribute to distinct and 

 extensive vision, ItJU ; both eyes see round the object, and give it 

 that heightened relief which no painting does attain to ; in either 

 if there he a point which has no vision, the defect is corrected by 

 having the organ double ; easy experiment to be convinced of it, 

 160 ; objects at a distance rarely equal in both eyes ; the best eyes 

 sees objects largest ; infants having their eyes less, must see objects 

 vmaller in proportion ; when we look at an object extremely bril- 

 liant, vision becomes indistinct, and why ; how far the eye can 

 accommodate itself to darkness, 163; remarkable instance of it in 

 a major under King Charles the First, ib. ; whence have arisen the 

 small eyes of the Tartars and Chinese. 185 ; Eastern poets compare 

 the eyes of their mistresses to those of the gazelle; the Greeks re- 

 semble the eyes of a beautiful woman to those of a cow, 76 ; of all 

 animals, natives of this climate, none have an eye so beautiful as 

 the stag, 200 ; that of the wolf opens slantingly upwards in the same 

 direction with the nose, 317; of UK; fox placed obliquely, like those 



of the wolf, 222; of the civet shine in the night, 342 ; those of the 

 hare placed backwards, to see behind it as it runs, and these arc never 

 wholly closed, 346 ; peculiar advantages of the smallness of the eyo 

 in the mole, 371 ; description of the eyes of birds of the owl kind ; 

 in the eyes of all animals, a complete provision to shut out too 

 much light, or to admit a sufficiency, by contraction and dilation of 

 the pupil, 488 ; those of the great Greenland whale not larger than 

 those of an ox, 617 ; of the snail on the points of its largest horns, 

 682 ; peculiarities in the eyes of the chamelion, 721 ; eyes of the 

 butttrfly have not all the same form ; the outward coat has a lustre 

 displaying the various colours of the rainbow ; examined a little 

 closely, it will be found to have the appearance of a multiplying- 

 glass, 702 ; the beetle, in its worm state, has no eyes, 819. 



Eye-brows, joining in the middle, considered a peculiar grace by 

 Tibullus, and by the Persians, 140 ; Le Brun's directions regarding 

 the passions, place the principal expression in them ; such as have 

 them most at command are the best actors, 142 ; the Talapoins of 

 Siam shave the eye-brows of the children committed to their care, 145. 



Eye-lashes, man and apes only have them upon the upper and 

 the lower lids, all other animals want them on the lower lid, 142. 



Eye-lids, in birds and amphibious quadrupeds, the lower lid alone 

 has motion ; fishes and insects have no eye-lids, 142. 



F. 



Face, its form, the result of custom, 185. See Beauty, 192. 



Falcon- gentle, a kind of hawk ; it pursues the gazelle, 254 ; many 

 people admire its flesh, and dress it for eating, says Bellonius, 472; 

 method of training up this bird ; falconry, much disused among us, 

 was a principal amusement of our ancestors ; among the Welsh, 

 the king's falconer the fourth officer of the state, was forbid to 

 take more than three draughts of beer from his horn, lest he 

 should neglect his duty; the falcon-gentle and the peregrine much 

 less than the gyr-falcon, which exceeds all others in largeness; de- 

 scription of the gyr-falcoia ; a courageous and fierce bird, not fearing 

 the eagle ; it chiefly flies at the stork, the heron, and the crane ; is 

 chiefly found in the northern regions, but loses neither strength nor 

 courage when brought into the milder climates ; the falcon-gentle 

 moults in March or sooner ; the peregrjpe does not moult till 

 August ; the common falcon is of such spirit, that, like a con- 

 queror of a country, he keeps all in awe and subjection to his 

 prowess; young falcons, though depressed by captivity, will, when 

 brought out, fly at barnacles and wild geese ; the falcon's pursuit of 

 the heron, kite, or woodlark, the most delightful sport ; names of 

 the falcons in use here and in other countries, 482 to 486. 



Falconers, by means of the great owl, catch the kite for the pur- 

 poses of training the falcon, and how, 490. 



Faltopius, the two tubular vessels perceived by him, 123. 



Famine supported by carnivorous animals for several weeks to- 

 gether, 208. 



Fat of the shamois, its medicinal virtue ; fat of animals found 

 efficacious in some disorders, 250; of the manati, exposed to the 

 sun, has a fine smell and taste, and exceeds the fat of any sea- 

 animal ; the heat of the sun will not spoil it, nor make it rancid; 

 several other qualities of this fat, 397. 



Father-lasher, description of this fish, G48. 



Fawn, name of the buck and the doe the first year, 266. 



Feathers of birds described, 449; of the ostrich almost as soft as 

 down, 462 ; different uses made of goose-feathers, 597. 



Feather-beds, utterly unknown in countries bordering on the Le- 

 vant, and all Asia ; ancients did not use feather-beds ; Pliny speaks 

 of bolsters of feathers for their heads ; feathers make a considera- 

 ble article of commerce ; different qualities; best method of curing 

 them ; old feathers more valuable than new, 597. 



Fecundity of the rabbit greater than the hare. 349. 



Feeling, deprived of feeling, our eyes would misrepresent the 

 situation and the number of all things around us, 159 ; blind men 

 have their senses finer than others, and why ; the grossest and 

 most useful of the senses ; no total deprivation of it but with life ; 

 those parts most exercised in it, acquire the greatest accuracy ; the 

 fingers, by habit, greater in the art than others, not from their 

 having more nerves ; fishes having no organs for feeling, must be 

 the most stupid of all animals ; feeling, the guardian, the judge, and 

 the examiner of all the senses, is never found to deceive, 170, 171. 



Ferret has eyes of a red colour, 141 ; not found at present 

 here, but in the domestic state; its description; a native of the 

 torrid zone ; naturally such an enemy of the rabbit, that a young 

 ferret, although unacquainted with the kind, will fiercely attack 

 and bite even a dead one ; use of ferrets in warrens to enter the 

 holes muzzled, and drive the rabbits into the nets at the mouth ; to 



