GOA 



hNDEX. 



GRA 



Gibbon, the long-arme'l ape, its description, -103. 



Gills, their free play prevented, the animal falls into eom-uleions 

 and dies in a few momenta, OOM. 



Gilthcad, called dolphin by sailors ; its description, 648. 



Gimcrro, imagined a breed between an ass and a hull, 226. 



Glands, furnish the foetiil substances in animals of the weasel 

 kind, 330 ; of the genet open differently from others, 303 ; unctuous 

 in birds to preserve their feathers, 37; salivary in the gullet and 

 crop of birds, 43. 



Glass, a looking-glass held to the mouth of a person supposed to 

 be dead, an uncertain experiment for determining latent life, 177. 



Glitters, little impressions BO called in the heads of stags, 202. 



Globe of Jirc rising from the side of the mountain Pichinca; a 

 great one seen at Bononia, in Italy, in the year 1670 ; past west- 

 ward at the rate of a hundred and sixty miles in a minute : could 

 not be less than a mile long, and half a mile broad, 111. 



Globe of glass, filled with water, assumes successively all the 

 colours of the rainbow, 112. 



Gloucester, its corporation had an old custom annually to present 

 the king with a lamprey pye, 585. 



Glow-worm, male and female of this species differ entirely from 

 each other ; how and in what manner the light sent forth by the 

 glow-worm is produced, hitherto inexplicable ; the light continues 

 to grow paler, and at last is totally extinct, if the worm be kept for 

 sometime, 821,822. 



Glue, made of the horns of the rein-deer, 277 ; Mr. Jackson 

 found out a method of making glue to answer the purposes of 

 isinglass, 042. 



Glutton, the most dangerous and most successful persecutor of 

 the rein-deer ; its manner of killing that deer, 277 ; belongs to the 

 weasel-kind ; there is no precise description of it, some resembling 

 it to a badger, some to a fox, others to a hyiena ; one brought alive 

 from Siberia, was three feet long, and about a foot and a half high, 

 342 ; so called from its voracious appetite ; countries where found ; 

 called carcajou in North America ; general description ; Ray and 

 Others doubt of its existence ; endued with great patience ; watches 

 for its prey for several days together ; takes its prey by surprise, 

 and in what manner ; darts down from the branches of trees upon 

 the elk or the rein-deer, sticks its claws between their shoulders ; 

 and remains there firm, eating their necks, and digging to the great 

 blood vessels that lie in that part ; amazing quantity one of these 

 nimala can eat at a time ; that seen by Mr. Klein, without exer- 

 eise or air, taken from its native climate, and enjoying but indifferent 

 ealth, ate thirteen pounds of flesh every day, and was not satisfied ; 

 \ continues eating and sleeping till its prey, bones and all, be de- 

 voured ; prefers putrid flesh to that newly killed ; it is so slow that 

 ny quadruped can escape it, except the beaver; pursues it upon 

 and ; but the beaver taking water, the glutton has no chance to 

 4ucceed ; called the vulture of the quadrupeds ; in what manner it 

 Hakes up by stratagem the defects of nature ; the female goes with 

 roung four months, and brings forth two or three ; the male and 

 Vuia'.e equally resolute in defence of their young ; is difficult to be 

 skinned ; does not fear man ; is a solitary animal, and never in com- 

 pany but with its female ; couples in the midst of winter ; the flesh 

 not fit to be eaten ; the fur has the most beautiful lustre, and pre- 

 ferred to all, except the Siberian-fox, or the sable, 343, 344. 



Gnats, in Lapland, fill the air like clouds of dust ; are chiefly ene- 

 mies to the rein-deer ; remedies used against them, 273 ; proceed 

 from a little worm ; usually seen at the bottom of standing waters ; 

 curious manner in which their eggs are laid ; in their egg state it 

 resembles a buoy, fixed by an anchor ; different states of the insect ; 

 in its last transformation divested of a second skin, in the next it 

 resigns ita eyes, its antennse, ami its tail, and seems to expire ; from 

 the spoils of the amphibious animal appears a little winged insect, 

 whose structure is an object of admiration ; description of this in- 

 sect, and of its trunk, justly deemed one of Nature's master-pieces ; 

 implement with which the gnat performs its work in summer ; 

 places where it spends the winter ; the little brood so numerous 

 that the water is tinged with the colour of the species ; some gnats 

 oviparous, others viviparous, and come forth in a perfect form; 

 some are males, and unite with the female ; some are females re- 

 quiring the male ; others are of neither sex, and produce young 

 without copulation ; at the sixth generation the propagation stops, 

 the gnat no longer reproduces its likeness, but requires the male to 

 renew its fecundity ; produced in multitudes beyond expression in 

 America ; and found of all sizes, from six inches long, to a minute- 

 ness beyond the perception of the common eye ; native Indians, 

 anointed with oil. sleep in cottages covered with thousands of gnats, 

 and have not their slumbers interrupted by these cruel devourers, 

 825, 826. 



Goal, ita eyes are gray, 142 ; from Europe imported into South 



America, soon degenerates ; as it grows less it becomes more pro- 

 lific; imported to the African coast, it seems to improve, 211, 

 goat and sheep propagate together, and may be considered as of 

 one family ; the buck-goat produces with the ewe an animal in two 

 or three generations returning to the sheep, and retaining no marks 

 of its ancient progenitor, 56 ; more fitted for a life of savage 

 liberty than the sheep; more lively aid more possessed of animal 

 instinct ; it is not easily confined . its flock, but chooses its own 

 pasture, and loves to stray from the rest ; delights in climbing pre- 

 cipices ; walks as securely on the ridge of a house, as on the level 

 ground ; is capricious and vagrant ; is not terrified at storms, or in- 

 commoded by rain ; immoderate cold affects it, and produces a ver- 

 tigo, to which this animal is subject ; a hardy animal, and very 

 easily sustained, for which reason chiefly the property of the poor ; 

 its favourite food is the tops of boughs, or the tender bark of young 

 trees ; proof of its being naturally the friend of man, and that it 

 seldom resumes its forest wildness, when once reduced into th 

 state of servitude ; in some places they bear twice a year ; in 

 warmer climates generally bring forth three, four, and five, at once ; 

 one buck sufficient for a hundred and fifty goats ; milk of goats 

 medicinal ; not apt to curdle on the stomach ; in several parts of 

 Ireland and the highlands of Scotland the goat the chief possession 

 of the inhabitants ; flesh of the goat, properly prepared, ranked by 

 some not inferior to venison ; is never so good and so sweet in our 

 climate as mutton ; no man can attend above fifty goats at a time ; 

 flesh of the goat found to improve between the tropics ; remarkable 

 varieties in this kind ; that of Natoli, by Mr. Buft'on called goat of 

 Angora; its description; the Assyrian goat of Gesner ; chieflv 

 kept about Aleppo ; little goat of Africa, the size of a kid, has hair 

 as long as the ordinary breed ; Julia goat, not much larger than a 

 hare ; common in Guinea, Angola, and the coast of Africa ; blue 

 i goat, at the Cape of Good Hope ; its description, 245 to 2-17 ; 

 boundaries between the goat and the deer kind difficult to fix, 250; 

 Bfzoar gottt, the pazan, found in the mountains of Egypt, 251 ; 

 African wild goat of Grimmius. fourth anomalous of the kind ; its 

 description, 253; goats eat four hundred and forty-nine plants, and 

 reject a hundred and twenty-six, 280 ; in Syria, remarkable for their 

 fine, glossy, long, soft hair, 292. 



Goat-sucker, a nocturnal swallow ; description and habits, 546. 



Gobius, the gudgeon, description of this fish, 648. 



Godigmis, in his history of Abyssinia, exaggerates the effects of 

 the shock of the torpedo, to an incredible degree, 637. 



Godwit, its dimensions, 568 ; a bird of passage, 570. 



Gojam, kingdom, where the Nile takes its rise, 62. 



G.;/rf never contracts rust, and why ; except in places where 

 much salt is used, 92. 



Golden-eye, bird of the duck kind, 598. 



Gol/lfinch, bird of the sparrow kind, 537 ; learns a song from the 

 nightingale, 546. 



Goose, marks of the goose kind ; abstained from by the ancient* 

 as indigestible, 592, 593 ; one known to live a hundred years ; 

 marks of the tame and wild sort ; wild supposed to breed in the 

 northern parts of Europe ; flight regularly arranged, 596. 



Goose (Brent,) most harmless, but for their young pursue dogs 

 and men ; use of its feathers in beds unknown in countries of the 

 Levant and Asia ; feathers a considerable article of commerce ; dif- 

 ferent qualities of them ; the best method of curing them, 596, 597. 



Goose (Soland) described. Sec Gannrt, 582. 



Gooseander, a round-billed water-fowl, its description ; feeds 

 upon fish, 296. 



Gordian, the emperor, wrote a poem upon the halcyon, of which 

 are no remains, (i()2. 



Goss-hau-k, of the baser race of hawks, 482; taught to fly at 

 game; little obtained from its efforts, 46ti. 



Gottenburg, in Sweden, a cataract near it, 65. 



Gouan, a learned Frenchman, his system deserves applause for 

 more than its novelty ; how followed in arranging the spinous 

 classes of fishes, 047. 



Graaf, his observations upon the progress and increase of ani- 

 mals in the womh, 12!). 



Grampus, fierce and desperate in defence of its young ; remark- 

 able instance, 015 ; description and habits, 624. 



Grasslioppef.a ruminating insect, or seemingly so, 232; diffe- 

 rences between ours and the cicada of the ancients ; great varieties 

 of this animal in shape and colour ; description of the little grass- 

 hopper that breeds plentifully in meadows, and continues chirping 

 through the summer ; the male of this tribe only vocal ; how their 

 fecundation is performed ; the male or female never survive the 

 winter ; their eggs from first appearing, possessed of wings ; how it 

 gets rid of the outer skin ; their food ; places where they deposit 

 their eggs, 771 to 773. 



