ICII 



LNDEX. 



LNU 



and it is asserted that it sees better by night than by day ; scrapes 

 up graves, and devours dead bodies, how putrid soever ; absurdities 

 of the ancients about this animal, 3'27, S'i*. 



I &. J. 



Jabiru and jahiru-guacu, birds of the crane kind, natives ofBrasil; 

 their descriptions, f>;'.-*. 



Jackals, hunt in a pack, and encourage eacli other by mutual 

 * /iej ; what has ffivt-n rise to the report of its bein<j the lion's pro- 

 vider, 208 ; travellers have mistaken the jackal for the fox ; one of 

 the commonest wild animals in tin: East, yet scarce any less known 

 in Europe, or loss distinctly described by naturalists; its descrip- 

 tion ; in most parts of Africa takes up tile place of the wolf, which 

 in that country is not so common ; its cry a lamentation resembling 

 that of human distress ; is more noisy in its pursuit than a dog. 

 more voracious than the wolf; never goes alone, but always in a 

 pack of forty or fifty together ; seems little afraid of man ; take up 

 with the smallest animals, and yet, when united, have courage to 

 face the largest ; pursues its game to the doors without apprehen- 

 sion ; enters insolently into sheep-folds, yards, and stables, and rind- 

 ing nothing else, devours leather harness, boots, and shoes ; scratches 

 up new-made graves, and devours the corpse, how putrid soever ; 

 the corpse how dug up ; follows armies, and keeps in the rear of 

 caravans ; the most putrid substances it greedily devours ; hides in 

 holes by day, and appears abroad at night-fall ; hunts by the scent ; 

 irreeoncileable antipathy between it and the dog ; no wonder it be 

 voracious, and why ; is as stupid as impudent ; instances of it ; 

 Indian peasants often chase it as we do foxes, 272, 273. 



Jackdaw, its description ; builds in steeples, old castles, and high 

 rocks, 514 ; rings found in the nest of a tame jackdaw, 512. 



Jacobines, a kind of pigeons, 5:12. 



Jaculus, the swiftest serpent, its manner of progression by coil- 

 ing, 729. 



Jaguar, or the panther of America, 30:). 



James, the hermit, said to have lived a hundred and four 

 years, 155. 



Japanese, description of that people, 180. 



Jaw, the upper, thought by many quite immoveable ; that it 

 moves in man, an easy experiment will evince ; has its proper 

 muscles behind the head for thus raising and depressing it; the un- 

 der jaw in the embryo much advanced before the upper, and in the 

 adult hangs more backward ; in a Chinese face it falls still more 

 backward than with us, the difference is thought half an inch, the 

 mouth being shut naturally ; M'Laurin, a professor at Edinburgh, 

 was subject to have his j.iw dislocated ; the under jaw has often 

 an involuntary quivering motion ; and often a state of languor pro- 

 duces another ; that of yawning, a very sympathetic kind of lan- 

 guid motion ; ridiculous instance of this sympathetic affection com- 

 monly practised upon the same famous M'Laurin. 143, 144. 



Jay, one of the most beautiful of the British birds ; its descrip- 

 tion; feeds upon fruits, kills small birds, and is extremely docile, 

 517^ 'ays its eggs in the hole deserted by the woodpecker, 520. 



Ibex, a native of the Alps, the Pyrennees, and the mountains of 

 Greece ; its description, 243. 



Ibis, the Egyptians paid divine honours to this bird : different 

 opinions concerning the ancient and modern ibis ; Mailer's obser- 

 vation to this purpose ; the true ibis thought a bird of the vulture 

 kind, called by some the capon of Pharaoh ; follows the caravans 

 that go to Mecca, to feed upon the offal of the animals that are 

 killed on the journey ; held sacred by the Egyptians, 550, 557. 



Ice, very elastic, 53; floats of it diffused into plains of above two 

 hundred leagues in length, and mountains of it rising amidst them; 

 flat ice and mountain ice, 71 ; their formation ; mountains of it 

 presenting the resemblance of trees in blossom, a glory, &c. 72. 



Ichneumon, by some injudiciously denominated the cat of Ph-iraoh, 

 one ef the boldest and most useful animals of the weasel kind ; used 

 iii Egypt for the aamc purposes as cats in Europe, but is more ser- 

 viceable, being more expert in catching mice ; description; dis- 

 covers and destroys the eggs of the crocodile ; serpents its most 

 natural food ; grows fast and dies soon ; easily strangles a cat 

 stronger and larger than itself; countries where found; attacks 

 every living thing it is able to overcome, and fears not the force of 

 the dog, nor the claws of the vulture ; takes the water like an 

 otter, and will continue under much longer ; not able to support 

 the rigour of our winters ; one come from the island of Ceylon, 

 climbed up the walls and the trees with very great ease ; this ani- 

 mal one of those formerly worshipped by the Egyptians, 337, 338. 



Ichneumon fly, its weapon of defence ; flies of this tribe owe their 

 birth to the destruction of some other insect, wiUun whose body 



they have lioen deposited, and upon whose vitals they have preyed, 

 till they came to maturity ; of all others the most formidable to in- 

 sects of various kinds ; it makes the body of the caterpillar the 

 place for depositing its eggs ; the tribe is not the caterpillar's 

 offspring, as was supposed, but its murderers; description ; whence 

 its name ; fears not the wasp, and plunders its habitations'; vari- 

 ous appetites of the several kinds of this fly ; the millions of insects 

 this fly kills in a summer inconceivable, 813, 814. 



Ir/iin union, a root the Indians believe an antidote for the bite of 

 the asp or the viper, 337. 



li/rn, deplorable infirmities of the workmen in the quicksilver 

 mines near it, 23. 



Jean-It- Slonc. a kind of eagle ; its distinctive marks, 476. 



Jenisca., in Tartary, a river, o'2 ; receives above sixty lesser 

 rivers, 04. 



Ji. 11/,'in.s, a peasant, lived to a hundred and sixty-five years, with- 

 out much regularity, 175. 



Jerboa, has lour feet, uses only the hinder in running or resting ; 

 the swiftest creature in the world ; description ; countries where 

 found ; lives upon vegetables, and burrows like rabbits, 444. 445. 



Jcstrr, in England, as late as the times of King James 1. the 

 court was furnished with a jester, 1 



Jeicels, the richest jewels found in an Ethiop's ear, a proverb, 14C. 



jgnitjahaU) or wandering fire, 111. 



Iguana, description of this animal ; its flesh the greatest delicacy 

 of Africa and America ; its food ; in what manner it is taken, 

 719, 720. 



Jiboya, the great, of Java and Brazil, the dimensions of this ser- 

 pent ; method of killing its prey, 741. 



Imagination, by day as well as by night, always employed, 158; 

 very remarkable instances of its power in women. 1-7. 



Impaling, in some courts of the more barbarous princes of India, 

 they employ the elephant to impale the criminals on its enormous 

 tusks, 424. 



I in/in ti nation, the hare, though already impregnated, admits the 

 male, and receives a second impregnation, 240 ; in what manner 

 the sea and garden-snails impregnate each other respectively, 682 

 to 685; the bivale shell-fish require no assistance from each other 

 towards impregnation. 088 ; frogs impregnated without any appa- 

 rent instrument of generation, an object of inquiry ; continues iu 

 great obscurity ; experiments made to this purpose, 698. 



Inr.as, Father Acosta and Garcilasso de la Vega have seen the 

 bodies of several incas perfectly preserved from corruption, 194. 



India, (East) in the warm countries of India, the women are mar- 

 riageable at nine or ten, and the men at twelve or thirteen, 138 ; 

 description of the inhabitants of the islands that lie scattered in the 

 Indian ocean ; over all India, children arrive sooner at maturity 

 than in Europe ; they often ir.arrv and consummate, the husband at 

 ten years old, arid the wife at eight, and frequently have children 

 at that age ; Indians have long been remarkable for cowardice and 

 effeminacy ; are slothml, submissive, and luxurious ; they may be 

 considered as a feeble race of sensualists ; from the times of Alex- 

 ander to the present day, scarcely any instances to be found of thf-ir 

 success in arms;' their dress, 181, 182; the horses of India are 

 weak and washy, 220 ; lions are found to diminish in their numbers 

 in this country, 2!>2 ; the Indians eagerly pursue the porcupine, in 

 order to make embroidery of its quills, and to eat its flesh, 376; 

 they cat bats in the East Indies, :iri4. See Elr.phajtt. 422. 



India ( Wcsl) whence originally come the flat heads of the Ame- 

 rican Indians, li-5. 



Indus, river, its course, 62 ; its water and that of the Thames, 

 the most light and wholesome in the world, 50 ; the tide at the 

 mouth of this river the greatest known, 75. 



Infants, just born, may be said to come from one element into 

 another, and why; open their eyes the instant of their birth ; more 

 capable of sustaining hunger, and more patient of cold, than grown 

 persons ; and why ; infants have milk in their own breasts ; their 

 life very precarious till the age of thr?e or four; instances of it; 

 the comparative progress of the understanding greater in infants, 

 than in children of three or four years old. 1:53, 134. 



Inundations generally greater towards the source of rivers, than 

 farther down, and why, 01 ; some distribute health and plenty ; 

 others cause diseases, famine, and death, 64 ; every inundation of 

 the sea attended with some correspondent dereliction of another 

 shore ; one of the most considerable inundations in history, is that 

 which happened in the reign of Henry the First ; an inundation in 

 the territory of Dort, destroyed a hundred thousand persons, and yet 

 a greater number round the Dullart ; remarkable inundations in 

 Fnezlaud and Zealand, in which more than three hundred villages 

 were overwhelmed ; their remains continue visible at the bottom of 

 the water in a clear day ; some in which the sea has overflowed the 



