LA? 



INDEX. 



LEM 



Gordian has al.-o written a long poem on it, nothing of which is 

 left; St. Ar.i!>r-iM-'.-, credulity concerning this bud: tables the ino- 

 k-ru v.iljar have of it : its flesh unfit to he oaten, and its beautil'ul 

 plumage pre*erveg its iustre longer than any other. 002, 603. 



Kircker, hl< :lrul;i.ti'in of t!:e hc.ights of the mountains arc in- 

 credible, ami \\-\iv. 45; has sot the voices of birds to music, -490. 



Kiic, from the greatest height, darts down on its prey with uner- 

 tinir aim, 4">H : one of tlin b -is-'T race of hawks, 461 ; distinguished 

 by its forky toil, and slow floating motion; seems ever upon the 

 vin^. :i::<l In i. Hike no effort in 11., in;; : livt's upon accidental car- 

 cage, every bird i:i til ' air being able to make its retreat from it ; 

 mail birds wounded, er straying chicken*, it seizes viith rapacity ; 

 of all birds, the "o'<d huusu'.yitu s neatest tormentor and aversion. 

 'f'i : us'-ii ii.r lra~iir.ii:; falcons, and how lured with the great horned 

 wl, when caught tor tliat purpose. 4iiO. 



Kitten, of alf yeung animals none more prettily playful, ifc:*. 



Klein, his method of classing animals, '21)1. 



Kuui, small bird of the crune kind, 508 ; a bird of passage, 509. 



Krakrn, all tiiat has been said of this great fish seems fictitious, 

 yet there is a possibility of its existence, 620. 



Krantz's account of the origin and formation of the ice-mountains 

 of Greenland, 72. 



L. 



Lalirus. the wrasse, description of this fish, 648. 



Labyrinth of Candia, a subterranean wonder; supposed the work 

 ef art, 18. 



Labyrinth, convolutions in the windpipe and lungs of some 

 birds, 451. 



Lama, the camel of the new world ; countries where fouixt ; their 

 flesh an excellent food ; their hair, or rather wool, spun into beauti- 

 ful cloathing ; carry their burdens over precipices and craggy 

 rocks, where men can scarce accompany them ; often dies under, 

 but never resists his driver's cruelty ; description and age ; manner 

 of coupling; its food ; exceeds the camel intemperance; requires 

 little water, being supplied with quantities of saliva, the only offen- 

 sive weapon it has to testify its resentment ; the Indians say, 

 where this saliva falls, it will, from its acrimonious nature, burn the 

 skin, or cause dangerous eruptions ; colour and wool ; habits and 

 marks of agility in the state of nature ; the stag scarcely more 

 swift, or the goat a better climber ; seems the largest of the camel 

 kind in America ; the natives hunt the wild lama for its fleece ; a 

 smaller weaker sort of the camel kind, called also guanacoe and 

 paco ; the manufacture of stuffs, carpets, and quilts, made of the 

 wool of the paco, form a considerable branch of commerce in South 

 America, and might usefully be extended to Europe, 4:i3, 4:>4. 



Lambs, how to be produced all the year round, 212 ; the third an 

 ewe brings forth supposed the best, 2-1:1. 



Lamprey, a fish, every way resembling the lamprey, was pos- 

 sessed of the numbing quality of the torpedo ; people will not ven- 

 ture to touch those of Ireland ; a species very different from ours 

 served up as a delicacy among the modern Romans ; doubtful 

 whether it be the murcna of the ancients, which our lamprey is 

 not ; ours differently estimated according to the season ; those of 

 the river Severn the mcst delicate of all fish; description of this 

 fish's extraordinary power of adhering to stones ; instance of it ; 

 Muralto giving the anatomy of this fish, makes no mention of the 

 lungs, for which it has absolute necessity to breathe in the air ; its 

 time of leaving the sea annually, in order to spawn, is the begin- 

 ning of spring ; after a few months it returns to the sea ; peculiar 

 preparation for spawning ; the young from eggs : the female re- 

 mains at the place where produced ; has her family playing about 

 her, and conducts them in triumph to the ocean ; its food; some not 

 having sufficient strength to return, continue in fresh water 'till 

 they die ; a single brood the extent of the female's fertility, two 

 years being the limits of her existence ; very indifferent eating at 

 the approach of hot weather ; best season for them in the months 

 of March, April, and May ; are usually taken in nets with salmon, 

 sometimes in baskets at the bottom of the river ; old custom for the 

 city of Gloucester annually to present the king with a lamprey pie ; 

 a senator of Rome used to throw into the ponds such of his slaves 

 as displeased him, to feed the lampreys, 637, 638. 



Lands, new, produced from the sea, and in what manner, 81. 



Ijinner, bird of the generous breed of hawks, now little known 

 in Europe, 483. 



Lapland, its division, 273 ; mountains there preferred to the 

 woods ; the country abounds more than others with marshy bottoms 

 and weedy lakes ; gnats and gad-flies formidable there, 274 ; the 

 manner of travelling in it ; Laplanders castrate the rein- deer with 



their teeth, 245, 246 ; the wo!f never attacks a rein-deer that is 

 haltered, and why, 321 ; the isitis found in this country, o27 ; in the 

 forests, squirrels observed to change their habitation ; they remove 

 in numbers from one country to another, 353. 



IsaplandeTfj one of the first distinct races of men r-~und the polar 

 regions ; description of thfir persons and manners ; h;.ve in every 

 family a drum for consulting the devil; Gustavus Adolphus at- 

 tempted in vain to form a regiment of Laplanders ; ii-; 1 skates to 

 run and slide, and how ; are all hunters ; offer their wives and 

 daughters to strangers, 177, 17d; manner of life, 00 ; v.ants sup- 

 plied, and riches derived from the rein-deer ; daub their fares with 

 pitch mixed with milk, to shield their skins from the dreadful de- 

 predations of the gnats, 274 ; boil milk, with wood-sorrel, and keep 

 it in casks under ground to be eaten in winter, 277 ; when the 

 leming's draw up to fight, they form ominous prognostics from their 

 arrangement, o?0 ; happy when an army of lemings comes down 

 nmcmg them ; they then feast upon their flesh, which cats and dogs 

 detest, ib. 



Lapwing, a small bird of the crane kind, 5C3 ; its arts to lead off 

 men and dogs from their nests; their seasons of courtship, 570. 



Lark, bird of the sparrow kind, 537 ; the sky, the wood, or the 

 tit lark, distinguishable from other little birds by length of heel, and 

 loud song ; nest, number of eggs, and habits ; when risen to a.n im- 

 perceptible height, does not lose siyht of its nest, either ascending 

 or descending, 543 ; those that remain with us the year throughout 

 are birds of passage in Sweden. 53.^. 



Lark, (Sea) a small bird of the crane kind, 503 ; breeds in this 

 country, 570. 



Lara, matter discharged by the eruptions of volcanoes, 30. 



Luvgkter, in what manner produced, 144. 



Launce, description of this fish, 649. 



Lauricocha, a lake where.in the river Amazons ha? its source, 63. 



Lawrence, (St.) a river ; its rise and source ; receives about forty 

 rivers, 63 ; its cataract, 65. 



Laws, one of the Orkney islands, entitling any person that kills 

 an eagle to a hen from every house in the parish where killed, 474. 



Layer, the impression on the place where the stag has lain, 202. 



Layers of the earth regularly disposed, but not of the same kind 

 in every place ; enumeration of layers of earth in a well dug at Am- 

 sterdam, and of another dug at Marly ; a layer, as far as it extends, 

 always maintains the same thickness ; proceeding to considerable 

 depths, every layer is thicker; are sometimes very extensive, 

 and often found to spread over a ,pace of some leagues in cir- 

 cumference, 17; remarkable layers of earth round the city of 

 Modena, 83. 



Lead-mine, teeth of the elephant found in one in Flintshire, 424. 



Leather called shammoi, made of the skin of that animal, and 

 also from those of the tame goat, the sheep, and the deer, 250. 



Leather-harness devoured by the jackal, 320. 



Leaves, two of a fig-tree, by experiment, imbibed from the earth 

 two ounces of water in five hours and a half. 57. 



Letch, different kinds ; its description ; takes a large quantity of 

 food ; has no anus or passage to eject it from the body when digested ; 

 in wliat it differs from the rest of the reptile tribe' ; produces forty 

 or fifty at a birth ; never breeds in confinement ; the leech used in 

 medicine ; a girl of nine years old killed by leeches ; best way of 



applying leeches, 7(13, 7(1-1". 

 Legs, a i 



man without them performed astonishing feats of dex- 

 terity, 416. 



Leming, a bold animal of the rat kind, native of Scandinavia; 

 often pours down in myriads from the northern mountains, and, 

 like a pestilence, destroys all the productions of the earth ; they 

 are often seen covering the ground a mile broad ; Laplanders be- 

 lieve they drop from the clouds ; their description ; .they move, in 

 a square, forward by niijiit. and lying still by day ; whither their 

 motions are turned nothing can stop them ; a fire, a deep well, a 

 torrent, does not turn them out of their direction ; they never re 

 treat ; interrupted by a boat across a river, they go over it ; stopped 

 by a stack of hay or corn, they gnaw their way through ; and ob- 

 structed by a house they cannot get through, continue before it till 

 they die ; eat nothing prepared for human subsistence ; never enter 

 a house to destroy provisions ; passing through a meadow, destroy 

 it in a short time, and leave it with the appearance of being burnt 

 up and strewed over with ashea ; a man imprudently attacking one 

 of them, the animal furiously flies tit him, barking something like a 

 puppy, fastens, and does not easily quit his hold ; their leader 

 forced out of the line after a long defence, and separated from the 

 rest, sets up a plaintive cry, not of anger, and hangs itself on the 

 fork of a tree ; they destroy and devour each other ; after incredi- 

 ble devastations, they separate into armies, opposed with deadly 

 hatred, and move along the coasts of the larger lakes and rivers : 



