40 



OWL 



INDEX. 



PAR 



than pursue the fish it preys upon ; in lakes, destroys more than it 

 devours, and spoils a pond in a few nights ; tears to pieces the nets 

 of the fishers ; two different methods of fishing practised by it ; in- 

 fects the edges of lakes with the dead fish it leaves ; often distressed 

 for provisions in winter, when lakes are frozen, and then obliged to 

 live upon grass, weeds, and bark of trees ; its retreat the hollow of 

 a bank made by the water ; there it forms a gallery several yards 

 along the water ; description of its habitation ; way of training it 

 up to hunt fish, and, at the word of command, drive them up to~the 

 corner of a pond, seize the largest, and bring it in its mouth to its 

 master ; marks of its residence ; bites with great fierceness, and 

 never lets go its hold ; brings forth its young under hollow banks 

 upon beds of rushes, flags, or weeds ; manner of taking the young 

 alive ; how fed when taken ; some dogs trained up to discover its 

 retreat ; otters met with in most parts of the world ; in North 

 America and Carolina found white, inclining to yellow ; description 

 of the Brasilian otter, 380 to 389. 



Ovaria, two glandular bodies near the womb, resembling the 

 cluster of small eggs found in fowls, 123. 



Ouarine, species of the monkeys so called by Mr. Buffon, remark- 

 able for the loudness of their voice, and the use to which they apply 

 it, 409, 410. 



Oviparous animals, distinguished from the viviparous, the two 

 classes for generation ; all other modes held imaginary and errone- 

 ous, 125. 



Oa.ran.g-ou.tang, the wild man of the wood, an animal nearly ap- 

 proaching the human race ; is the foremost of the ape kind ; this 

 name given to various animals walking upright, but of different 

 countries, proportions, and powers ; the troglodyte of Bontius, the 

 drill of Purchas, and the pigmy of Tyson, have received this gene- 

 ral name ; its description in a comparative view with man ; gigan- 

 tic races of it described by travellers truly formidable ; in the 

 gloomy forests where only found, they hold undisputed dominion ; 

 many are taller than man, active, strong, intrepid, cunning, lasci- 

 vious, and cruel ; countries where found ; in Borneo, the quality 

 course him as we do the stag, and this hunting is a favourite 

 amusement of the king ; runs with great celerity ; its description ; 

 Battel calls him pongo ; assures us that in all he resembles man, 

 but is larger to a gigantic state ; a native of the tropical climates ; 

 he lives upon fruits, and is not carnivorous ; gnes in companies, and 

 this troop meeting one of the human species without succour, show 

 him no mercy; they jointly attack the elephant, beat him with 

 clubs, and force him to leave that part of the forest they claim as 

 their own ; is so strong that ten men are not a match for him ; 

 none of the kind taken but very young ; one of them dying, the 

 rest cover the body with leaves and branches ; a Negro boy taken 

 by one of these, and carried into tlv.' woods, continued there a whole 

 year without any injury ; they often attempt the female Negroes 

 going into the woods, and keep them against their wills for their 

 company, feeding them plentifully all the time ; a traveller as- 

 sures that he knew a woman of Loango that lived among them for 

 three years; they build sheds, and use clubs for their defence; 

 sometimes walk upright, and sometimes upon all-fours, when fan- 

 tastically disposed ; though it resembles man in form, and imitates 

 his actions, it is inferior in sagacity even to the elephant or the 

 beaver; two of these creatures brought to Europe discovered an as- 

 tonishing power of imitation, sat at table like men, ate of every 

 thing without distinction, made use of knife, fork, and spoon, drank 

 wine and other liquors ; the male of these two creatures being sea- 

 sick, was twice bled in the arm, and afterwards, when out of order, 

 he showed his arm, as desirous of relief by bleeding; another was 

 surprisingly well behaved, drank wine moderately, and gladly left 

 it for milk, or other sweet liquors: it had a defluxion upon the 

 breast, which increasing caused its death in the space of one year 

 from its arrival ; these animals: naturally run on all-four, 31)9 to 403. 



Ounce, or onza, remarkable for being easily tamed, and employed 

 all over the East for the purposes of hunting, 304 ; distinguished 

 from the panther, the ounce of LinnicuR, 303 ; does not pursue by 

 the smell like those of the dog kind ; a natural enemy to the 

 dog, 305. 



Old, description of the common horned owl ; the screech-owl, 

 and its distinctive marks, 473 ; common mark by which all birds of 

 this kind are distinguished from others ; general characteristics of 

 birds of the owl kind ; though dazzled by a bright day-light, they 

 do not see best in darkest nights, as imagined ; moonlight nights 

 are the times of their most successful plunder ; seeing in the night, 

 or being dazzled by day, not alike in every species of this kind ; 

 description of the great horned owl ; names of several owls with- 

 out horns ; these horns nothing more than two or three feathers 

 that stand up on each side over the ear ; father Kircher, having 

 set the voices of birds to music, has given all the tones of the owl- 



note, which make a most tremendous melody ; sometimes bewfl 

 dered ; what they do in that distress; aversion of the small bitds to 

 the owl ; how they injure and torment him in the day-time ; sport 

 of bird-catchers by counterfeiting the cry of the owl ; in what 

 manner the great horned owl is used by falconers to lure the kite, 

 when wanted for training the falcon; places where the great 

 horned owl breeds ; its nest, and number of eggs ; the lesser owl 

 takes by force the nest of some other bird ; number of eggs ; the 

 other owls build near the place where they chierly prey ; a single 

 owl more serviceable than six cats, in ridding a barn of mice ; an 

 army of mice devoured at Hallontide by a number of strange paint- 

 ed owls ; are shy of man, extremely untractable, and difficult to 

 tame ; the white owl in captivity refuses all nourishment, and dies 

 of hunger ; account of Mr. Buffon to this purpose, 488 to 491. 



Of, its eyes are brown, 142 ; on the fertile plains of India it 

 grows to a size four times as large as the same kind bred on the 

 Alps, 185. 



Orni-f/, an island near Bomney Marsh, in what manner pro- 

 duoed, 81. 



Oysters, a horse known to be fond of oysters, 209 ; surprising 

 manner in which monkeys manage an oyster, 409 ; bivalved shell- 

 fish are self-impregnated ; they are deposited in beds where the tide 

 comes in, at Colchester, and other places of the kingdom ; these 

 said to be better tasted ; amazing size of oysters along the coasts 

 of Coromandel, (189. 690; the -pearl oyster has a large whitish shell, 

 the internal coat of which is the mother-of-pearl, 691. 



P. 



Paca, improperly called American rabbit, an animal of South 

 America ; its cry, and manner of eating ; is most like the agonti, 

 yet differs in several particulars ; its description ; places where 

 generally found ; a very fat animal ; its flesh considered as a deli- 

 cacy, and often eaten, skin and all, like a young pig; is seldom 

 taken alive, defending itself to the last extremity ; persecuted not 

 only by man, but by every beast and bird of prey ; breeds in such 

 numbers, the diminution is not perceptible, 359. 3GO. 



Parlivmor. deserts, where the formidable bird condor is chiefly 

 seen, men seldom venture to travel, 478. 



Parifir, sea, the winds never change in it, 100. 



Pai-oes, a kind of camel in South America; its woof very valua- 

 ble, 434. 



I'<iddoc/i-mo<rn, the silence of frogs in dry weather, may serve to 

 explain an opinion which some entertain, that there is a month in 

 the year so called, in which they never croak, 701. 



Pain, nothing but repeated experience shows how seldom pain 

 can be suffered to the utmost, 177. 



Paleness, often effect of anger, 144. 



Ptilm-tree., the elephant eats the shoots and branch to the 

 stump, 418. 



Pambamarra, mountains at Quito in Peru ; a very uncommon 

 meteor seen upon it by Ulloa, 112. 



Pangolin, vulgarly the scaly lizard, is a native of the torrid cli- 

 mates of the ancient continent ; of all animals the best protected 

 from external injury ; its description ; at the approach of an ene- 

 my, it rolls itself up like the hedge-hog ; its scales so hard, when 

 the animal has acquired ils full growth, as to turn a musket-ball ; 

 the tiger, panther, and hyfvna. make vain attempts to force this 

 animal, when it rolls itself up like the hedge-hog ; its flesh is con- 

 sidered by the Negroes of Africa as a great delicacy ; it has no 

 teeth ; lives entirely upon insects ; there is not a more harmless 

 inoffensive creature than this, unmolested ; countries where found, 

 378, 379. 



Panther, the foremost of the mischievous spotted kind, by many 

 naturalists mistaken for the tiger; the panther of Senegal; the 

 large panther ; difference between these two ; that of America, or 

 jaguar, compared with the two former, 302, 303 ; sometimes em- 

 ployed in hunting ; the gazelle or leveret are its prey ; it some- 

 times attacks its employer, 305. 



Parr, a peasant, lived to a hundred and forty-four, without being 

 abstemious, 175. 



Paradise-bird, few have more deceived and puzzled the learned 

 than this ; it is an inhabitant of the Molucca Islands ; erroneous 

 reports concerning this bird, and what has given rise to them ; the 

 native savages of those islands carefully cut off its legs before they 

 bring it to market, and why ; two kinds of the bird of paradise ; 

 their distinction from other birds ; the description of this bird ; 

 found in great numbers in the island of Aro,, where the inhabitants 

 call it God's bird ; live in large flocks, and at night perch upon the 

 same tree ; are called by aome the swallows of Ternate, and, like 



