44 



11AB 



INDEX. 



REG 



PMriasis, the lousy disease, frequent among the ancients ; prin- 

 cipal people who died of this disorder ; plants and animals are in- 

 fested with diseases of this kin*; a vegetable louse from America 

 over-run all the physic-garden of Leyden ; the leaf-louse de- 

 scribed ; three principal and constant enemies to those insects, 754 

 to 756. 



Puffin, or Coulterncb, marks that distinguish this bird ; its resi- 

 dence ; migration ; found by hundreds, cast away upon shores, 

 lean and perished with famine ; lays one egg ; few birds or beasts 

 venture to attack its retreat ; in what manner it defends itself 

 against the raven ; the Manks' puffin is itself one of the most terri- 

 ble invaders ; instances of it ; places which abound with them ; in 

 what manner their young are fed ; their food, 5M9 to 592. 



Puget adapted the cornea of a flea in such a position, as to see 

 objects through it by means of a microscope ; strangeness of the 

 representations, 792. 



Puma, an animal decorated with the name of American lion, 

 though, when compared, so contemptible as to be inferior to that 

 called the American tiger, 519. 



Pump, an experiment upon a carp put under a receiver, 610. 



Ptirre, a small bird of the crane kind, with a shorter bill, and 

 thighs bare of feathers, 568. 



Pull oii, a city swallowed up by an earthquake, had a temple of 

 Serapis, the pillars of which, while under water, were penetrated 

 by the pholas, or file-fish, 6!)5. 



Putrefaction, a new CTUSC of animal life, 125. 



Pyramids of Egypt, one of them entirely built of a kind of free- 

 stone, in which petrified shells are found in great abundance, 14. 



Purard. his account of a kind of apes called baris, which, pro- 

 perly instructed when young, serve as useful domestics, 401. 



Pyrites, their composition, 23. 



Q. 



Quadrupeds, they bear the nearest resemblance to man, 205 ; the 

 weaker races exert all efforts to avoid their invaders ; next to hu- 

 man influence, the climate seems to have the strongest effects upon 

 their nature and form ; both at the line and the pole, the wild are 

 fierce and untameable. America inferior to us in these produc- 

 tions ; opinion that all in South America are a different species from 

 those most resembling them in the old world ; such as peculiarly 

 belong to the new continent are without any marks of the perfec- 

 tion of their species; the large and formidable produce but one 

 young at a time, while the mean and contemptible are prolific ; it 

 has been wisely ordered so 4)y Providence, 208 to 212; those that 

 ruminate are harmless and easily tamed, 231 ; they are chiefly the 

 cow, the sheep, and the deer kind. 232 ; the largest are found in the 

 torrid zone, and these are all fond of the water. 239 ; chevrotin, or 

 little Guinea-deer, the least of all cloven-footed aniinaU, ;md per- 

 haps the most beautiful ; its description, 253 ; none can be more 

 beautiful than the tiger, 237 ; change of colour in the hair obtains 

 in them all to a degree plainly observable, 330 ; the carnivorous 

 have not milk in plenty, 334 ; are not fond of engaging each other, 

 i)35 ; general description of amphibious quadrupeds, 3d6. 



Quail, a bird of passage ; description of it, 509. 



Quarry of Maestricht, 40,000 people may take shelter in it ; its 

 description, 19. 



Qu'ctrs'l-eer, remarkable effects of it at the mines near Idra, re- 

 lated by Dr. Pope in the Philosophical Transactions, 23. 



Quills. See Porcupine, 275. 



Quito, in South America, one of the most charming regions upon 

 earth, 44. 



R. 



Rabbit, a ruminating animal, 232; rabbit and hare distinct kinds; 

 a creature covered with feathers and hair said to be bred between 

 a rabbit and a hen ; breed seven times a year, and bring eight 

 young each time, 263, 264 ; various colours of rairfjits; the mouse- 

 coloured kinds originallv from an island in the river Humber, still 

 continuing their general colour after a number of successive gene- 

 rations ; account of their production ; the rabbit generally fatter, 

 and lives longer, than the hare ; native of the warmer climates; it 

 has been imported into England from Spain ; in some of the islands 

 of the Mediterranean they multiplied in such numbers, that mili- 

 tary aid v:as demanded to destroy them ; love a warm climate ; de- 

 light in grounds of a sandy soil ; the fur u very useful commodity 

 in England, 349 to 357. 



Rabbit (Syrian) remarkable for the length, gloss, and softness of 

 the hair, 292, 351. 



Rabbit (Brazilian) shaped like the English, but without a tail, 



Racoon, with some the Jamaica rat ; its description and habits ; 

 do more injury in one night in Jamaica than the labours of a month 

 can repair ; capable of being instructed in amusing tricks ; drinks 

 by lapping as well as by sucking ; its food, 4'.A), 440. 



Ramlnni's, circular rainbows in the Alps, 42; and between the 

 tropics, and near the poles, 110; one of the three rainbows seen by 

 Ulloa, at Quito, was real, the rest only reflections thereof; a glass 

 globe filled with water, will assume successively all the colours, of 

 the rainbow, 1 12. 



Rainfinal, the name given in some parts of the country to the 

 woodpecker, 519. 



Rams, it is no uncommon thing, in the counties of Lincoln and 

 Warwick, to give 50 guineas for a ram, 243. 



Ranguer, name of the ninth variety of gazelles, made by Mr. 

 Buffoii, 252. 



Rarefaction of the nir produced by the heat of the sun in coun- 

 tries under the line, 101. 



Rats, musk-rut, three distinctions of that species, the ondatra, 

 desman, and pilori ; in what they resemble each other ; the 

 savages of Canada think the musk-rat intolerably fetid, but deem 

 its flesh good eating ; great rat, called also rat of fforway, though 

 unknown in all northern countries ; originally from the Levant, and 

 a new-comer into this country ; first arrival upon the coasts of Ire- 

 land, with ships trading in provisions to Gibraltar; a. single pair 

 enough for the numerous progeny now infesting the British Empire ; 

 called by Mr. BulFon the surinalot ; its description; the Norway 

 rat lias destroyed the black rat or common rat, as once called ; and 

 being of an amphibious nature, has also destroyed the frogs in Ire- 

 land ; the feeble animals do not escape the rapacity of the Norway 

 rat, except the mouse ; they eat and destroy each other ; produce 

 from fifteen to thirty at a time, and bring forth three times a year; 

 the black rat has propagated in America in great numbers, intro- 

 duced from Europe, and are become the most noxious animals there ; 

 biack water-rut not web-footed, as supposed by Ray ; the German rut. 

 See Cricctus, 362 to 368. 



Rat of Surinam. See Phalanger, 415. 



Rat of Jamaica., a name by some given to the racoon, 439. 



Rattlesnake, kind of friendship between it and the armadillo, or 

 tatou, frequently found in the same hole, 382; its description and 

 dimensions ; effects of its bite ; the remedies against it ; power of 

 charming its prey into its mouth ; facts related to this purpose, 

 736 to 739. 



Ravens, how distinguished from the carrion-crow and rook; man- 

 ners and appetites ; ravens found in every region of the world ; 

 white ravens often shown, and rendered so by art; amusing quali- 

 ties, vices, and defects ; food in the wild state ; places for building 

 nests ; number of eggs ; will not permit their young to keep in the 

 same district, but drive them off, when sufficiently able to shift for 

 themselves ; the Romnns thought it ominous, and from fear paid it 

 profound veneration ; Pliny's account of one kept in the temple of 

 Castor, that flew down into the shop of a tailor ; some have lived 

 near a hundred years, 512, 513 ; the horned Indian raven, 516. 



Rarenna, once stood by the sea-side, and is now removed from 

 it, 81. 



Ray, his method of classing animals, 200. 



Ray, figure of the fish of this kind, and their differences ; amaz- 

 ing dimensions of one speared by Negroes at Guadaloupe ; to 

 credit the Norway bishop, there are some above a mile over ; sup- 

 posed to be the largest inhabitants of the deep ; three hundred 

 eggs taken out of the body of a ray ; in what manner the eggs 

 drop into the womb from the ovary or egg-bag, 632, 633. 



Rays of light moderated, and their violence dissipated, by the 

 air, 98. 



Raijs of the sun, darted directly upon the surface of the water, 

 compared to so many bars of red-hot iron, 108. 



Razor-shell, the pirot ; its motion and habits; is allured by 

 salt, 690. 



Rtuumur, his chemical elaboratory for hatching chickens, 496. 



Red-breast. See Robin Red-breast. 



Red-start, bird of the sparrow kind, 537. 



Red-icing, or fieldfare, bird of passage ; its nest and eggs, 539. 



Rrr.d, stuck into the ground in Persia continues to burn like a 

 flambeau, 25. 



Reeve,, name given to the female of the ruff, 571. 



Reflection of sound, its laws not as well understood as tboeo of 

 light, 167. 



Regions, the highest region in the world, 44. 



