46 



SER 



INDEX. 



SHE 



makes it destroy its young ; a scorpion of America produced from 

 the egg, 759 to 7b'2. 



Scorpion (Water) an insect with wings, described, 779. 

 Scoter, an European duck. 



Scotland has land in it at one time covered with water, at another 

 free, 82. 



Scotchman, in the Tower, took not the least sustenance during 

 six weeks, 155. 



Sea was open to all till the time of the emperor Justinian, 68 ; i 

 sensibly retired in many parts of the coasts of France, England, 

 Holland, Germany, and Prussia, 81 ; Norwegian sea has formed 

 several little islands from the main land, and still daily advances 

 upon the continent. 82 ; its colour not from any thing floating in it, 

 but from the different reflections of the rays of light; a proof of it; 

 the sea grows colder in proportion as divers descend, 85 ; smokes 

 like an oven near the poles, when the winter begins, 113 ; no fish 

 imbibe any of the sea-saltness with food or in respiration, 522. 

 Sea (Red) choked up with coraline substances, 85. 

 Sea-eggs, name given to the niultivalve shell-fish of the echini, 

 which move, 693. 



Sea-nettles, name given by some to the star-fish, 832. 

 Sea-water, various methods proposed to render it fresh for the use 

 of seamen in long voyages, 70 ; about a forty-fifth part heavier than 

 fresh-water ; is heavier, and consequently salter, the nearer we 

 approach the line, 71. 



Sea-worm may be multiplied by being cut to pieces, 125. See 

 Polypus. 



Seal, its description; the varieties innumerable ; the brain largest 

 of any animal ; the foramen arale in its heart never closing, fits it 

 for continuing under water ; the water its habitation ; seldom at a 

 distance from the shore ; found in the North and Icy Seas, and on 

 those shores in flocks ; gregarious and migrant ; direct their course 

 to northern coasts, and seas free of ice, in two departures, observing 

 time and track ; how and by what passages they return unknown ; 

 females in our climate bring forth in winter ; where they rear their 

 young ; hunt and herd together, and have a variety of tones like 

 dogs and cats, to pursue prey, or warn of danger ; neither length 

 of time in pregnancy, nor duration of these animals' lives, yet 

 known ; two taken young, ai'ter ten years had the marks of age ; 

 how the Europeans and Greenlanders destroy them ; in our climate 

 they are wary, and suffer no approach ; never sleep without moving, 

 and seldom more than a minute ; taken for the skin and oi] the tat 

 yields ; the flesh formerly at the tables of the great ; an instance 

 of it; sea-lion in Anson s Voyages, the largest of the seal family, 

 392 to 395. 



Seeds, some thought to thrive better for maceration in the sto- 

 mach of birds, before they be voided on the ground, 538. 



Senegal, a river in Africa ; its course ; is navigable for more than 

 three hundred leagues, 62 ; receives more than twenty rivers, 64 ; 

 the natives consider forty years as a very advanced time of life, and 

 generally die of old age at fifty, 94. 



Sensations, their illusions at first when man is newly brought into 

 existence, described by Mr. Button, 171 ; fish fall behind terrestrial 

 animals in their sensations, 608. 



Senses, of all senses man is most inferior to other animals in that 

 of smelling ; and it seems not to offend them, 1C9 ; the grossest, and 

 most useful of all, is that of feeling, 170. 



Sensitive plant has as much perception as the fresh-water poly- 

 pus, 129. 



Heps, improper name of the Chalcidian lizard ; its description, 

 722. 



Seraglio, to be able to furnish one the only ambition of an Asia- 

 tic, 138. 



Serpents, the sea about the islands of Azores replenished with 

 them for want of motion, 70 ; the various hissings at the close of the 

 evening, make a louder symphony in Africa, than birds in Euro- 

 pean groves in a morning, 20ti ; to believe all said of the sea-serpent 

 is credulity, to refuse assent to its existence is presumption, 616 ; 

 sea-serpent, the elops described, ib. ; marks distinguishing them 

 from the rest of animals ; their conformation ; progressive motion ; 

 the only animal in the forest that opposes the monkey ; entwines 

 and devours the buffalo ; account of a combat between a serpent 

 and a buffalo ; no animals bear abstinence so long as they ; little 

 serpents live for several years in glasses, never eat at all, or stain 

 the glass with excrements ; little serpent at the Cape of Good 

 Hope, and north of the river Senegal ; long serpent of Congo ; some 

 bring forth their young alive, some bring forth eggs; some veno- 

 mous, and some inoffensive ; animals which destroy them ; boasted 

 pretensions of charming serpents ; have docility ; Egyptians paid 

 adoration to a serpent, and the inhabitants of the western coast of 

 Africa retain the some veneration ; all amphibious ; their motion, 



swimming in liquids ; the ^Esculapian serpent, 724 to 730 ; seat of 

 poison in venomous serpents ; instrument by which the wound is 

 made; those destitute of fangs are harmless; various appearances 

 the venom produces; may be taken inwardly without sensible effects 

 or prejudice to the constitution ; instance of the force of serpents' 

 poison from Ray ; their principal food birds, moles, toads, lizards, 

 732 to 735 ; the prince of serpents, a native of Japan, the greatest 

 favourite of savages, 741. 



Serial, a native of Malabar, resembling the panther in spots. 

 304. 



Setter, a dog of the generous kind, 312. 



Si-rera, lamprey of this river the most delicate of all fish, 638. 



Shagreen made of the skin of the wild ass, 224 ; also the shark. 

 632. 



Shammoy, a kind of goat, in the mountains of Dauphiny, Pied- 

 mont, Savoy, Switzerland, and Germany ; its description ; their 

 flesh good to eat ; in cases of danger, its hissing noise is heard at a 

 great distance ; by smell discovers a man at half a league ; admired 

 tor the beauty of its eyes ; not found in summer except in caverns 

 of rocks, amidst fragments of ice, or under the shades of spreading 

 trees ; during winter, it sleeps in the thicker forests, and feeds upon 

 shrubs and buds of pine-trees, and scratches up the snow for herb- 

 age ; manner of hunting it ; skin of the shammoy when tanned, 

 liked for softness and warmth ; the leather now called shammoy, 

 made from the tame goat, sheep, and deer, 248 to 250. See Bczoar, 

 250. 



Shan!;, the red and green shank, varieties of the crane kind, 

 268. 



Shark, description of the great white shark ; no fish swims so 

 fast ; outstrips the swiftest ships ; instances of frightful rapacity in 

 this fish ; its enmity to man ; usual method of sailors to take them ; 

 no animal harder to kill ; how killed by the African negroes ; the 

 reniora. or sucking fish, sticks to it ; for what purpose ; brings forth 

 living young ; Rondclctius says, the female of' the blue shark lets 

 her brood, when in danger, swim down her throat, and shelter in 

 her belly, 629 to 631. 



Sheldrake, a variety of the pond-duck ; supposed a native of Eng- 

 land. 598. 



Shnith-Jifh, the silurus, of the prickly-finned abdominal kind, 649. 



Sheep, the author saw one that would eat flesh, 209 ; proper care 

 taken of the animal, produces favourable alterations in the fleeces 

 here and in Syria, ib. ; in course of time impoverish the pasturage, 

 2:il! ; in the domestic state, stupid, most defenceless, and inoffensive ; 

 those without horns, more dull and heavy than the rest ; those with 

 longest and finest fleeces most subject to disorders ; the goat, re- 

 sembling them in many respects, much their superior ; they propa- 

 gate together, as of one family ; distinguished from deer, 240, 241 ; 

 do not appear from old writers to have been bred in early times in 

 Britain ; no country produces such sheep as England, larger fleeces, 

 or better for clothing ; sheep without horns the best sort ; the sheep 

 in its noblest state is in the African desert, or the extensive plains 

 of Siberia ; sheep in the savage state ; the woolly sheep is only in 

 Europe, and in the temperate provinces of Asia ; subsists in cold 

 | countries, but not a natural inhabitant of them ; the Iceland sheep 

 have four, and sometimes eight horns ; with broad tails, common in 

 Tartary. Arabia, Persia, Barbary, Syria, and Egypt; the tail often 

 weighs from twenty to thirty pounds ; those called strepsichorop, 

 natives of the Archipelago; Guinea sheep described ; bring forth 

 one or two at a time, sometimes three or four ; bear their young 

 five months, 242, 243 ; tlin intestines thirty times the length of their 

 body, 291 ; in Syria and Persia, remarkable for fine gloss, length, 

 and softness of hair. *J'. 2. See Moujflim. 



Shells, (fossil) found in all places near to and distant from the 

 sea, upon the surface of the earth, on the tops of mountains, or at 

 different depths, digging for marble, chalk, or other terrestrial mat- 

 ters, so compact as to preserve these shells from decay. 6 ; various 

 kinds found at a hundred miles from the sea, at Touraine in France; 

 a continued bed of oyster-shells found through the whole circum- 

 ference of five or six acres of ground near Reading, in Berkshire ; 

 shells found petrified in all the Alpine rocks, in the Pyrenees, on 

 the hills of France. England, and Flanders ; a floor or pavement of 

 petrified shells found in Kent, near the Medway ; shells always re- 

 maining in the deep ; easier to believe fossil shells bred in fresh 

 water, than that the sea for a long time covered the tops of 

 high mountains. 12 to 14 ; methods of conveying a just idea of the 

 formation of sea-shells and garden-shells : usual way of accounting 

 for different colouring in shells ; they assume every colour but 

 blue ; stairs-shell, or admiral-shell, not more precious for their 

 scarceness, than pearls for their beauty ; collections of shells have 

 their use ; naturally classed by Aristotle; places where shells are 

 found, and substances of which they are composed; supposition 



