SKI 



INDEX. 



SNO 



47 



that all earths fermenting with vinegar, are composed of shells 

 orumbled down to one mass : \\ hat, shi 11s most valunhle : sen-shells 

 exceed land or inssil shells in ht:;intv some living hind-shells not 

 inferior in be.-uity to fn sh-wali:r shells; great variety of fossil 

 or extrm-'uiK-i shells ; different st-'tos of preservation : every shell 

 the spoil of some animal ; no matter how parted from the sea, 676 

 to 031. 



Shells of the sen, of all sea-vhclla, that of the nautilus the thin- 

 nest and most easily pierced, 687 ; all bivalved shells furnish pearls, 

 ami their i'-.sides resemble and afford that substance called mother- 



I. I'ill. 



Skrlh (animal) of the armadillo or tatou, one of the most striking 

 curiosities in natural history, 380 ; turtle shells of an amazing 

 magnitude, 671. 



Shi-llnni! Isli-s, amazing quantities of herrings appearing off 

 these islnnds, 654. 



Short-heads, name given by sailors to the younir of the whale, 



618. 



Hlinreller, species of the crane kind ; inhabitants of the Cape of 

 Good Hope respect it as the ancient Egyptians did their Ibis ; its 

 nest and e^s. ."it;:;. 



Shoultlfr*. high in sickly persons ; people dying are seen with 

 their shoulders drawn up ; shoulders in women narrower than in 

 men, 147, 1-K 



Showers, shower of hail in 1510 ; its description, 110; of stones, 

 fishes, and ivy-berries, raised into the air by tempests in one coun- 

 try, and falling at a distance like rain to astonish another, 114. 



Siberia, the isatis found in this country, and seldom in milder 

 climates. 326 ; the sable resembling the martin found in it, 336 ; 

 enormous tusks found lodged in the sandy banks of its rivers. 424. 



.s/.<; /*.. in what manner produced; when invigorated produce 

 sobbing, 144. 



Sight, of old men indistinct for bodies close to them, but more 



and darts on it with unerring aim, 450 ; of birds that prey by day, 

 astonishingly quick, and in such as ravage by night, so fitted as to 

 discern objects in darkness with precision, 471. 



Signs of death, uncertainty 01 them ought to make every one 

 cautious of giving up a friend as dead, and exposing him to real 

 death, or a premature interment, 177. 



Silks, brought to Jamaica, and there exposed to the air, rot 

 while they preserve their colour ; but kept from air, retain their 

 strength and gloss, 92. 



Silk Miiinijnrlurrs. established in Europe, in the beginning of 

 the twelfth century, by Roger of Sicily, 707. 



Silkworm, the most serviceable of all such creatures, 733 ; its 

 real history unknown among the Romans to the time of Justinian, 

 and supposed only brought into Europe in the twelfth century : two 

 methods of breeding them ; Pausanias's description of this worm ; 

 changes its skin in three weeks or a month ; gummy fluid forming 

 the threads ; preparations made before spinning the web : the cone 

 or ball of silk described ; efforts to burst the cone ; free from con- 

 finement, it neither flies nor eats ; few of these animals suffered to 

 come to a state of maturitv. and why. 706 to 799. 



SHnrun, the sheath-fish, of the prickly finned abdominal kind, 649. 



Simeon, said to have lived a hundred and twelve vears, 155. 



S:m ws of the rein-deer, the strongest kind of sewing thread, 225. 



birttrlf. name of the tail of the stag '^>'2. 



S/.-7, in. singing bird of the sparrow-kind, with a thick and short 

 bill, ">:(7. 



Size of men varies considerably ; the human bodv often differs 

 from itself ; the same person taller in the morning than at night; 

 sometimes the difference is an inch : this first perceived in England 

 by a recruiting officer ; men are tall from five feet eight inches to 

 ix feet high ; middle size from five feet to five feet eight, 14(1 ; Maxi- 

 min. the' empenn. above nine feet in height. 151 ; approaching to- 

 wards the north pole, the natives diminish proportionably, growing 

 loss and less in higher la,! .Hides, 179. 



Skilrton of th bat, in some measure, resembles that of man, 

 tilO ; of the elephant, some lately discovered of an enormous size, 

 on the banks of the Ohio, in America. 425. 



Skin, the only pnrt. of the body that ajre does not harden : whence 

 its wrinkles proceed, 174 ; of the rein-deer, 277; of the tiger, 300 ; 

 of the black fox, .325; most valuable part of the martin's skin ; of 

 all, that of the sable most coveted, and held in highest esteem, the 

 fur surpassing all, 336; of the civet, 341 ; of the ondatra also very 

 valuable, 367 ; of the mole, 372 ; of the hedgehog, 374 ; of the ele- 

 phant, 420 ; of the rhinoceros, 425 ; of the ostrich, 465 ; of the 

 great Greenland whale, t>J7, 



Skiiil-. an animal called one of the polecats of America, 338. 



Skull-Ji.ih, name of the whale above two years old, 618. 



.S' ailn ft.', in Iceland, (in the lands of) there stood a declivity, nd 

 the earth of it was found sliding down the hill upon the subjacent 

 plain, 47. 



Sleep, with some of the lower animals, takes up the greatest part 

 of their lives ; man the only creature requiring sleep from doubla 

 motives, for the refreshment of the mental and of the bodily frame; 

 want of it produces madness ; procured to man with more difficulty 

 than to other animals ; in what manner sleep fetters us for hours 

 together, according to Rohault ; bodily labour demands a less quan- 

 tity of it than mental ; the famous Philip Barretier slept twelve 

 hours in the twenty-four ; numberless instances of persons, who, 

 asleep, performed many ordinary duties of their calling ; and, with 

 ridiculous industry, completed by night what they failed doing by 

 day ; remarkable instance related in the German Ephemerides. 

 See Arlolto, 155, 156. 



Sloth, two different kinds of that animal, the ai and the unan ; 

 both seem the meanest and most ill-formed of all animals that chew 

 the cud ; formed by nature to climb ; they get up a tree with pain, 

 but utterly unable to descend, drop from the branches to the ground ; 

 strip a tree of its verdure in less than a fortnight, afterwards de- 

 vour the bark, and in a short time kill what mignt prove their sup- 

 port; every step taken, sends forth a plaintive melancholy cry; 

 like birds, have but one vent for propagation, excrement, and 

 urine ; their look piteous, to move compassion, accompanied with 

 tears, that dissuade injuring so wretched a being ; one fastened by its 

 feet to a pole, suspended across two beams, remained forty days 

 without meat, drink, or sleep ; an amazing instance of strength in 

 the feet instanced, 442 to 444. 



Slot, term for the print of the hoof of the stag. 262. 



Slow, name given by some to the blind worm, 740. 



Smell, the musky not properly a characteristic mark of any kind 

 of animal, 240 ; none more permanent than musk, 255 ; strong of- 

 fensive smell of foxes often the cause of their death, 322 ; ot the 

 genet, not endured by mice and rats, 340. 



Smelling, Bramins of India have a power of smelling equal to 

 what is in other creatures ; can smell the water they drink, to us 

 quite inodorous ; negroes of the Antilles by smell distinguish the 

 footsteps of a Frenchman from those of a negro ; gives often false 

 intelligence ; natives of different countries, or different natives of 

 the same, differ widely in that sense ; instances of it ; mixtures of 

 bodies void of odour produce powerful smells ; a slight cold blunts 

 all smelling ; smallest changes in man make great alterations in 

 this sense, 169 ; delicacy of tmelling in birds instanced in ducks, 451. 

 See Senses. 



Smile. Fielding asserts, a person with a steady glavering smile, 

 never failed to prove himself a rogue, 145. 



Snail (Garden) is surprisingly fitted for the life it is to live ; or- 

 gans of life it possesses in common with animals ; and what pecu- 

 liar to itself; every snail at once male and female ; and while it 

 impregnates another, is impregnated in turn ; coupling of these 

 animals ; possessed of the power of mending the shell ; and come 

 to full growth they cannot make a new one ; Swammerdam's ex- 

 periment to this purpose ; salt destroys them, so does soot ; con- 

 tinue in a torpid state during the severity of winter ; so great their 

 multiplication in some years, that gardeners imagine they burst 

 from the earth ; wet seasons favourable to their production ; .sea 

 snail, fresh-water snail, and land snail ; common garden snail com- 

 pared with the fresh-water snail and sea snail ; fresh-water snail 

 brings forth young alive, with shells upon their backs ; at all timos 

 of the year, fresh-water snails open, are pregnant with eggs, or 

 with living snails, or with both together ; sea snails found vivipa- 

 rous, others lay eggs ; manner in which the sea snails impregnate 

 each other ; different orifices or verges of snails ; the difference be- 

 tween land and sea snails ; of the trochus kind, have no mouth } 

 their trunk ; are among snails, as the tiger, the eagle, or the shark, 

 among beasts, birds, and fishes ; food of all sea snails lies at the bot- 

 tom ; of sea snails, that most frequently swimming upon the surface, 

 whose shell is thinnest, and most easily pierced, is the nautilus; 

 its description ; peculiarity by which the nautilus is most distin- 

 guished, 631 to 687. 



Snail-sea, a cartilaginous fish, described, 643. 



Snake (black) its description and food ; are oviparous, 740. See 

 Serpents. 



Sni/ie, a water-bird of passage : its description, 574, 575. 



Snow, inhabitants of places where fields are continually white 

 with snow, generally become blind before their usual course of ma- 

 ture, 5. 



Snow-slips, a family in Germany lived for a fortnight beneath 

 one 47. 



