48 



SPO 



INDEX. 



STI 



Sobbing is a sigh still more invigorated, 144. 



Soland goose,, 582. See Bass and Gannet. 



Soldier-crab, 663. See Crab. 



Solfatara, a valley near Naples ; exhibits the appearance of an 

 earthquake, 36. 



Soot, as well as salt, will destroy snails, 683. 



Sore, name the hunters give the buck the fourth year, 3GG. 



Sorel, the hunter's name for the buck the third year, 3G(>. 



Sound convej'ed by air is lost in vacuo, 96 ; sounding bodies of 

 two kinds, unelastic returning a single sound, and elastic render- 

 ing a succession of sounds ; laws of the reflection of sound not so 

 well understood as those of light ; persons of a bad ear oft deceived 

 as to the side whence sound comes ; trumpets made to increase 

 sounds, 1G7. 



Source, rivers have their source in mountains, or elevated lakes, 

 59. 



Southminster marshes over-run with an army of mice, 491. 



Spalanzani, his experiments concerning the power of reproduc- 

 tions in animals, 831. 



Spaniards, the only people 'in Europe acquainted with the value 

 of the ass, 226. 



Spaniels, land and water, the offspring of the beagle, transported 

 into Spain or Barbary, so altered, and converted there ; a dog of 

 the generous kind; the land-spaniel; the water-spaniel, 311,312. 



Spanish flics, described ; their use in medicine, and as blisters. 

 See Cantharides, 822. 



Sparrows, house sparrow ; various birds of the sparrow kind ; 

 their food ; songsters of this class ; their migrations, 537, 538 ; a 

 male and its mate, that have young, destroy above three thousand 

 caterpillars in a week, 794. 



Sparrow-hawk, one of the baser race of hawks, 482 ; taught to 

 fly at game, but little obtained from its efforts ; lately asserted. 

 upon respectable authority, the boldest of all for the pleasures of 

 the chase, 486. 



Sparus, the sea-bream, its description, 648. 



Spawn, different seasons for fish to deposit their spawn, 612. 



Spawning, peculiar preparation of the lamprey for spawning, 

 638. 



Spears (burning') a peculiar kind of aurora borealis, 113. 



Spears, the horns of the stag the third year, 262. 



Spermaceti, the whole oil of the cachalot easily converted into 

 that concrete ; efficacy of spermaceti in medicine very small. (324. 



Spermaceti whale, the cachalot, described, 623. 



Spiders, in South America and Africa, as large as sparrows, 120 ; 

 the spider for several months together subsists upon a single meal, 

 153; chief of our native spiders not venomous; Martinico spi- 

 der's body as large as a hen's egg ; manner of making their webs; 

 Lister has distinguished the sexes of tins animal ; experiment made 

 by Mr. Reaumur to turn their labours to the advantage of man ; 

 gloves made from their webs ; found it impracticable to rear them, 

 747 to 751. 



Spiders (water) inhabit the bottom, yet never wet, but enclosed 

 in a bubble of air surrounding them on all sides, 7.~>l . 



Spinal marrow and the brain, the parts first seen begun in the 

 embryo, 159. 



Spinous class of fishes already extended to four hundred sorts, 

 646 ; Gouan's system and arrangement of the various sorts of 

 spinous fishes, 047 ; their general leading marks and difference 

 from others, 651. 



Spirits of wine flame with a candle, not with a spark, 24. 



Spitzbergen, bodies never corrupt there, though buried for 30 

 years, 195. 



Sponges, opinion of count Marsigli and others about them ; that 

 of Rumph and Jussien set in a clearer light by Mr. Ellis, 837. 



Spoonbill, descriptions of the European and American spoonbill, 

 563. 



Sports, one peculiar to the Italians, in which horses without 

 riders run against each other, 217 ; remarkable on horseback, 

 among the grandees of Guinea. 22 ; of wild asses exhibited in 

 Persia, 224 ; of the bird-catchers counterfeiting the cry of the 

 owl, 490 ; of hunting the turkey in Canada, 499. See Cock, 494. 



Spouts of water at sea common in the tropical seas, and some- 

 ' times in our own ; description of one in the Mediterranean by 

 Tournefort; solutions offered for this phenomenon ; those called 

 typhons, sometimes seen at land, differ from those at sea described 

 by mariners ; description of that observed at Hatfield in Yorkshire, 

 in 1687 ; land-spouts sometimes drop in a column of water at once 

 upon the earth, and produce an inundation ; they appear in the 

 calmest weather at sea; facts still wanting to form a rational 

 theory of them, 114, 115. 



Spoutlwles in the cetaceous tribe, described, G14. 



Springs of water, experience alone can determine the useful or 

 noxious qualities of every spring, 50 ; one mentioned by Derham, 

 which he never perceived to diminish in the greatest drought, 

 i when all ponds in the country were dry for several months, 5ti. 



Squash. See Polecat. See Stinkard, 338. 



Sgv.int.ing, instances of squinting communicated by a father to 

 his offspring, 185. 



Squirrel, a ruminating animal, 232 ; classed as such by Pieiius, 

 294 ; the kind has as many varieties as any wild animal ; enumera- 

 tion of some ; its way of moving is by bounds ; few animals so 

 tender, or so unfit for a change of abode ; some live on the tops of 

 trees, others feed on vegetables below, where also they take shel- 

 ter in storms ; description of its qualities, food, and mansion ; the 

 martin destroys the squirrel, then takes possession of its mansion, 

 351 to 353. 



Squirrels. Nature particular in the formation of these animals 

 for propagation ; in Lapland vast numbers remove from one part 

 to another; method of crossing broad rivers or extensive lakes; 

 the Laplanders eut their flesh ; description of the common sort, 

 and of the gray Virginian kind; the Barbary; Siberian white; 

 Carolina black; Brazilian; little ground Carolina, and .Yttt: Spain 

 squirrel ; jltfin? squirrel more common in America than in Eu- 

 rope ; its food and mansion, 351 to 354. 



Stag, first in rank among quadrupeds ; its elegant form describ- 

 ed ; no obvious difference between the internal structure of the 

 stag and the bull, but to a nice observer ; ruminates not so easily 

 as the cow or sheep ; reason why ; manner of knowing its age ; 

 differs in size and horns from a fallow-doer ; seldom drinks in 

 winter, and less in spring ; different colours of stags ; of animals, 

 natives of this climate, none have such a beautiful eye as the stag ; 

 horns increase in thickness and height from the second year of age 

 to the eighth ; grow differently in stags from sheep and cows ; stag 

 castrated when'its horns are off, they never grow again ; the same 

 operation performed when they are on, they never full off; one 

 testicle only tied up, he loses the horn of the opposite side ; horns 

 resembled to a vegetable substance, grafted upon the head of the 

 stag ; time of feeling impressions of rut, or desire of copulation ; 

 effects the rut causes ; stag lives about forty years ; voice in the 

 time of rut terrible ; and then keeps dogs off intrepidly ; a stag and 

 a tiger enclosed in the sa.me area, the stag's defence so bold, the 

 tiger was obliged to fly ; the slug in rut ventures out to sea from 

 one island to another, and swims best when fattest, 257 to 260 ; 

 the hind, rr female, uses all her arts to conceal her young from 

 him. the most dangerous of her pursuers; stag remaining wild in 

 England, called red-door, found on moors bordering on Cornwall 

 and Devonshire ; different names given them according to their 

 ages ; terms used by hunters pursuing the stag ; the manner of 

 knowing the track of a stag, and that of a hind; he changes his 

 manner of feeding every month ; in what manner; swims against 

 the stream ; the ancient manner of pursuing him ; that, of hunting 

 him ; and in China ; stag of Corsica ; a kind called by the ancients 

 tre arlnphus ; Germans call it bran-deer, or liroicn-dcer ; a beauti- 

 ful stag, thouu-ht a native of Sardinia, though perhaps of Africa or 

 the East-Indies ; its description ; stag royal in Mexico ; of Canada, 

 brought into the state of domestic lameness, as our sheep, goats, 

 and black cattle. 2UO to 2(>5. 



Stiiggaril, name of the stag the fourth year, 2G2. 



Sinl/ioiis, law prohibiting exportation oi stallions and mares, 222. 



Stanislaus, the exiled king of Poland, had a dwarf at his court, 

 189. 



Stare, bird classed with the thrush, distinction from the rest of 

 its tribe ; its residence ; its eggs; it is easily taught to speak; its 

 food, 240. 



Star-fish, general description of the tribe ; are also called sea- 

 nettles ; cut in pieces, every part survives the operation, becoming 

 a perfect animal, endued with its natural rapacity. 832, 833* 



Starling, slender-billed bird of the sparrow kind, living upon in- 

 sects, 537. 



Stars (fitril) supposed by philosophers suns, 2. 



Stars (falling) meteors or unctuous wibstances raised from the 

 earth, 114. 



Statues of antiquity, first copied after the human form, now mo- 

 dels of it, 148. 



Stature, middle in men from five feet five to five feet eight 

 inches, 149 ; Mr. Uerham observes, probably the same now as at 

 the beginning, 192. 



Stellaris, name given by the Latins to the bittern, 5(i3. 



St.eno, his opinion about the formation of the incipient animal, 

 123. 



Stigmata, holes through which caterpillars breathe, 786. _ 



Stickleback, the gasterosteus of the prickly -finned thoracic sort, 



