TRE 



INDEX. 



TUS 



51 



Tots, usually four in all animals of the poultry kind ; in a species 

 of cock amount to five, 494. 



Tone, a continuing tone produced from a non-elastic body, re- 

 peatimr blows quick and often ; of a sonorous body made to depend 

 upon the number of vibrations, not the impelling force, is mistaking 

 an effect for a cause ; half tones rejected in all countries where mu- 

 sic is in its infancy, as in China, lb'4, 165. 



Toitgres, a city in the county of Liege formerly encompassed by 

 the sea, and at present thirty-five leagues distant from it, 81. 



Tt/iiguc of tlio rein-deer a great delicacy, 277 ; the flamingo's 

 much celebrated, and larger than that of any bird, 566 ; of the great 

 Greenland whale, fills several hogsheads witli blubber, (517. 



Tonquln, tides there the most remarkable in the world, 76. 



Tornado, a formidable tempest, so called by the Spaniards, 10G. 



Ti>r/ifdo, its description; by an unaccountable puwer, the instant 

 touched even with a stick, when immediately taken out of the s,r;i, 

 it numbs the hand and arm, or whole body ; the shock resemblns an 

 elentiical stroke; sudden, tingling, and painful; accounts by 

 Kcmpfer of numbness produced by it; he believes holding in the 

 breith prevents the violence; implicit belief of eliicucy would be 

 painfully undeceived ; this power not exerted upon every occasion ; 

 trials by Reaumur to this purpose ; opinions concerning the cause 

 of this strange effect; the fish dead, the power destroyed, then 

 handled or eaten with security ; the power not extended to the de- 

 gree some believe, reaching fishermen at the end of a line, or 

 numbing fishes in the same pond ; ridiculous excess of this numbing 

 quality in the history of Abyssinia, by Godignus ; Lorenzini, from 

 experiments, is convinced the power resides in two thin muscles of 

 tile back ; several fishes have acquired the name of the torpedo, 

 possessed of the sa e quality ; Moore's and Condamine's accounts 

 of them. 635 to 637. 



Tortoise ranked among crustaceous fishes, though superior to 

 them all ; amphibious, according to Seba ; distinguished into two 

 classes, the land tortoise, and the sea turtle ; differ more in habits 

 than conformation ; description ; principal distinctions ; varieties 

 are, trunk-turtle, loggerhead, hawks-bill, and green turtle ; all gene- 

 rally found in warm countries, without retiring; the shell never 

 changes, and growing with the body, is formed in pieces; a defence 

 against dangerous attacks; the blood warm and red; how circulat- 

 ed ; turtle larger than tortoise ; weighs from filly to five hundred 

 pounds ; ancients speak of some of amazing sizes ; live to 80 and 

 120 years ; can live without limbs, head, or brain, proved by ex- 

 periments of Rhedi ; moves with great Weight upon it ; hears dis- 

 tinctly by means of an auditory conduit opening into the mouth; 

 sighs when ill situated, and sheds tears when distressed ; torpid 

 during winter, sleeping in some cave, and breathing imperceptibly; 

 account of a land-tortoise caught in a canal at Amst.ordaiu ; and of 

 a turtle in the Loire, in 1729 ; the food chiefly vegetables, though 

 believed to eat insects, snails, and bugs, 069 to G76. 



Toucan, a bird of the pie kind, has a bill as large as its body ; of 

 five varieties ; the red-beaked described ; its food ; has birds, men, 

 monkeys, and serpents, to guard against ; scoops out its nest into 

 the hollow of some tree ; leaves scarce room to go in and out, and 

 with its great beak guards that entrance ; found only in the warm 

 parts of South Amurica, where it is valued for its tender and 

 nourishing flesh, and the beauty of its plumage, particularly tbe 

 breast, the skin of which the Indians dry, and glue to their ciiceks 

 for beauty, 518, 519. 



Tiiucli, those parts of the body most exercised in touching, ac- 

 quire the greatest accuracy ; the fingers, by long habit, not Irom a 

 greater quantity of nerves, become masters in the art. 170. 



Tuurne/ort describes a spout seen in the Mediterranean, 114. 



Trnckinus. the weaver, a prickly-finned jugular fish, described, 648. 



Tracldpttrus, the sabre, a prickly-finned thoracic fish ; its de- 

 scription, 649. 



Track of a stag, manner of knowing it, and that of a hind, 262. 



TrairfJiiphus. n;mie of the stag with the ancients, 264. 



TIH/IS for horses, used by the Arabians for the wild sort, 216 ; for 

 wild ayses, ust^d in the Archipelago, 224. 



Treacle, food for bees during winter, when robbed of their 

 honey, 803. 



Trees ( fossil) in the body of solid rocks, and deep under the 

 earlh upon which they once grew ; conjectures upon this subject, 

 14 ; found in quantities at the mouth of the river Ness in Flanders, 

 at the depth of fifty feet, 62 ; laying twenty feet deep under ground 

 for many ages, become hard and^ough, prooi's of alternate over- 

 flowings and desertions of the sea, 83 ; usually of the largest kinds 

 in wild uncultivated w'.ldernesH, in the state of rude nature, 121 ; 

 the banana and plantain, so immense, as to be inimically inhabited 

 by monkeys, snakes, and birds of the most delightful plumage, 021 ; 

 age known by the number of their circles, 6 12. 



TrrmMnj. first discovered in the polypus the power of repro- 

 duction, 831. 



Tric/iurus, a prickly-finned apodal fish, of a sword-like form, 647. 



Trig/a, the gurnard, of a spiuous kind ; description of this fisb, 

 648. 



Trochus. See Sea-snail. 



Troglodyte of Bontius, is the ouran-outang, or wild man of tb* 

 woods, 399. 



Troglodytes, the mountain of that name in Arabia, has a passaga 

 made through it by a disruption, as if artificial, 46. 



Tropical .w/.*. under them, and for a good space beyond, tempest* 

 are frequent, and their effects anticipated, 1U4 ; are those in which 

 spouts are seen very commonly, 114 ; tropics supposed by Linneeus 

 the native spot of man. and the northern climates only places of 

 sojourning for them ; an argument sufficient to prove the contrary, 

 157 ; the climates so hot. tbe dogs in process of time lose the deli- 

 cacy of thoir scent entirely, and why, 305. 



'j'rti in fifty, increase sounds in the same manner as the telescope 

 does bodies ; persons hard of hearing find the same advantage iu 

 the trumpet made for this purpose, that short-sighted persons do 

 from glasses ; were they farther enlarged, they could be used to 

 advantage only in a plane of solitude and stillness, as the multitude 

 of sounds would produce tumult and confusion, 167. 



Trunks of animals, that of the elephant described, 418 ; that of 

 the gnat may justly be deemed one of Nature's master-pieces, 625. 



Trutrcn, the fire-Mitre, the enchantress Circe armed her son with 

 a spear headed with the spine of this fish, 635. 



Tubes of glass, drawn as tine as a hair, still preserve their hollow 

 within. 56. 



Tubular vessels, discovered by Fallopius, and called his tubes, 

 12)!. 



Tufted duck, a variety of the kind, native of Europe, 598. 



Tumble-dung, a strong beetle, remarkable for make and man 

 ners, 821. 



Tumbler, in the division of Dr. Caius, a dog of the first chss, or 

 generous kind ; supposed the lurcher, and described, 312. 



Tiirliinutrd shells are univalves, and the first kind of Aristotle's 

 divisions, 679. 



Turbits, variety of the tame pigeons, obtained by cross breed, 

 532. 



Turuots (OH.// rays) extremely delicate in their choice of baits ; a 

 piece of herring or haddock, twelve hours out of the sea, and used 

 as a bait, will not be touched, 634. 



Turkey, bird of the poultry kind ; its native country disputed ; 

 arguments for the old and new continent ; first seen in France in 

 the reign of Francis I. and in England in the reign of Henry VIII.; 

 its tenderness with us ; when young, argues not for our climate ; in 

 the wild state, hardy and numerous in the snowy forests of Canada ; 

 also larger and more beautiful than in the domestic state ; the 

 savages weave the feathers into cloaks, and fashion them into fans 

 and umbrellas ; hunting the turkey a principal diversion with 

 them, its flesh chiefly supporting their families ; manner of hunting ; 

 the cock's antipathy to red ; manner of increasing their animosity 

 for diversion ; the female gentler, and particularly fond of eggs of 

 ants and caterpillars ; Inys eighteen or twenty eggs ; the young 

 very tender at first ; the hen's care of her young at the sight of a 

 bird of prey ; in Norfolk weigh thirty pounds ; in the East Indies 

 grow to weigh sixty pounds. 499, 500. 



Turkey, in Asia, lias in different parts horses of almost all races, 

 219 ; lions found to diminish in number in this country, 292. 



Turnings of rivers, more numerous as they approach the sea, be- 

 come indications through trackless lands ; the bends increasing, 

 form different channels and mouths into the sea, as the Danube. 

 Nile, Wolira, 60. 



Turnspit, a dog of the mongrel kind. 312. 



Turnfloitr, a small bird of the crane kind, 568. 



Turtte-dore, one of the ruminating birds, '332. See Pigeon. 



Turtle, prepares for laying, and deposits her eggs in the sand, 

 where in twenty-six days they are hatched by the sun ; lays from 

 1511 to 200 in the season ; the young run by instinct into the sea, 

 ignorant of all danger ; propagated on shore only ; conies from sea 

 on purpose in coupling season; female is passive and reluctant; 

 the male is slow, but grasps so fast nothing can loose the hold. G75. 



Tusks, those of a boar sometimes a foot long, 279 ; of the baby- 

 rotti'^sa a fine ivory, smoother a.nd whiter than the elephant's, but 

 not so hard ; of enormous size, 2^6 ; of castrated animals scarce ap- 

 pear without the lips ; those of a boar broken, abate his fierceness 

 and venery ; producing nearly the same effect as castration, ib. ; of 

 the mammoth weigh four hundred pounds ; those of the elephant 

 from Africa, two hundred and fifty ; some remarkable lately found 

 near the Ohio, and Miume, in America; Dr. Hunter thinks them 



6M* 



