PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 135 



Dendroica striata Anthus pensilvanicus 



" blackburniae Saxicola cenanthe 



CLASS J 



Plectrophenax nivalis (A ?) Helminthophila peregrina 



Calcarius lapponicus Compsothlypis americana 



ornatus Dendroica palmarum 

 Chondestes grammacus " " hypochrysea 



Zonotrichia leucophrys Geothlypis formosa 

 Spizella socialis " agilis 



Melospiza georgiana " Philadelphia 



Lanius borealis " trichas 



ludovicianus Sylvania pusilla 

 Helminthophila ruficapilla " canadensis 



" celata Polioptila caerulea 



Descriptions of Species and their Moults. 



The following pages contain a description of each of the suc- 

 cessive plumages of every Passerine species accredited to New 

 York state including introduced foreign species. My object is 

 not so much to give a precise description, such as may now be 

 found in every book, as to throw light on the changes effected 

 by moult and wear, therefore only the JUVENAL and FIRST WIN- 

 TER PLUMAGES have been treated at length because upon them 

 depends a proper understanding of later stages. The JUVENAL 

 PLUMAGE of a number of species is here described for the first 

 time but I have not succeeded in obtaining this stage of Alauda 

 arvensis, Carduelis carduelis, Ammodramus caudacutus nelsoni, 

 Passerella iliaca, Dendroica palmarum, and Geothlypis agilis. The 

 others are in my own collection with the exception of eleven 

 loaned me by Mr. WM. BREWSTER, ten by the American Museum 

 of Natural History and six by the United States National 

 Museum. The "Nomenclature of Colors" by Ridgway ('86) 

 has been carefully followed, comparisons have been made in a 

 bright light and the nomenclature chosen is that of the A. O. U. 

 Check-List, 2d edition ('95). 



