PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 149 



Alauda arvensis Linn. SKYLARK 



1. NATAL DOWN. No specimen seen. 



2. JUVENAL PLUMAGE acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 

 No specimen seen ; said to be tawny and spotted. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired probably by a partial 

 (possibly complete) postju venal moult. 



Above, yellowish brown with darker streakings, the wings and tail with buff edg- 

 ings. Below, dull white with tawny suffusion, streaked rather narrowly, with 

 brownish black. 



4. FIRST NUPTIAL PLUMAGE evidently acquired by wear, the 

 colors becoming paler. 



5. ADULT WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult. Adults are less tawny and the edgings less 

 pronounced than in young birds. 



6. ADULT NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by wear. 



It is somewhat presumptuous for me to attempt, from the mere 

 handful of specimens I have examined, an explanation of the 

 moults of this well-known European songster which has been 

 introduced and become established near New York city, but I 

 believe the material warrants the above conclusions. 



Otocoris alpestris (Linn.). HORNED LARK 



1. NATAL DOWN. No specimen seen. 



2. JUVENAL PLUMAGE acquired by a complete postnatal moult 

 and worn for a long time. 



Above, including sides of head and lesser wing coverts, clove-brown, mixed with 

 sepia, dotted with buffy white. Wings deep sepia, quills and coverts edged 

 with dull vinaceous cinnamon. Tail dull black, the middle pair of rectrices 

 mottled and paler, edged with vinaceous-cinnamon, the outer ones with buffy 

 white. Below, white, yellow-tinged, the chin flecked with clove brown, a pec- 

 toral band wood-brown, streaked and spotted like the chin. Bill pinkish buff, 

 darker at the tip, deep plumbeous when older. Feet raw umber- brown, 

 black when older. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a complete post- 

 juvenal moult occurring in August in Newfoundland. 



Unlike the previous plumage, unstreaked below, unspotted above. Above, vina- 

 ceous buff, brightest on nape, vinaceous cinnamon on rump flanks and wing 



