190 DWIGHT 



central spots bordered with the clay-color. Wings and tail clove-brown edged 

 with clay-color, secondaries and tertiaries with russet, alulae with white. Be- 

 low, faint primrose-yellow, buffy on chin and throat, unstieaked or an occas- 

 sional streak at sides of throat. Bill and feet of dried skin raw umber brown 

 sometimes dusky and paler in spring specimens. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a complete post- 

 juvenal moult so far as may be judged from limited material for 

 comparison. 



Pileum and nape yellowish olive-buff, lateral crown stripes and flecking of nape 

 black ; back chestnut, streaked with black the edgings pearl gray ; rump tawny 

 olive veiling black streaks. Below, dull w r hite washed on sides of head, breast, 

 flanks and on crissum with clay-color, a jugular band of narrow black streaks 

 which extend broader on the flanks. Orbital ring pearl-gray. Wings and tail 

 darker than in previous plumage, the edgings largely russet or chestnut, the 

 alulae edged with drab. The tail is darker, the dusky stripes along the shafts 

 bordered with chestnut. 



4. FIRST NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired probably by a partial 

 prenuptial moult confined chiefly to the head and chin. In 

 species so much affected by wear it is not easy to be sure of a 

 moult without specimens which actually show it. The freshness 

 of many feathers in spring indicate it. 



5. ADULT WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult. Practically indistinguishable from first winter, 

 usually whiter below, of a greener tint about the head and the 

 edgings of the back grayer. 



6. ADULT NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired probably by a partial 

 prenuptial moult as in the young bird. 



Female. The sexes are practically indistinguishable, and the 

 moults correspond. 



Ammodramus caudacutus (Gmel.). SHARP-TAILED SPARROW 



1. NATAL DOWN. Grayish wood-brown. 



2. JUVENAL PLUMAGE acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Everywhere rich buff brightest on superciliary and malar stripes and on jugulum ; 

 the back broadly, the jugulum and sides narrowly streaked with clove-brown. 

 Crown and wings nearly black, wing coverts and tertiaries broadly edged with 

 ochraceous buff, the secondaries with russet, the primaries and their coverts 

 with greenish tinged olive-gray, the alulae with white. Tail olive-brown with 



