PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 195 



Similar to Z. albicollis but with paler brown on the lateral crown stripes, paler edg- 

 ings, lack of chestnut and less heavily streaked below with duller black. 



Above sepia-brown streaked with black the edgings of the back pale buff, the 

 central crown stripe and indistinct superciliary lines dingy white. Below, 

 grayish white, faintly washed with wood-brown on breast, sides and crissum- 

 streaked on throat, breast, sides and flanks with dull black. Wings and tail 

 deep olive-brown edged with Mar's-brown, the coverts and inner tertiary tipped 

 with pale buff. Auriculars grayish. Feet clay-color and bill slaty in dried skin. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult, probably in August on its breeding grounds, which ap- 

 parently involves the body plumage and the wing coverts partly 

 but not the rest of the wings nor the tail. 



Above bistre, this effect from broad Vandyke-brown stripes which are chestnut lat- 

 erally and bordered with wood-brown ; median crown stripe wood- brown bor- 

 dered by burnt-umber stripes. (A few black feathers on the crown stripes are 

 occasionally acquired. ) Wing coverts and tertiaries clove-brown edged with 

 Vandyke -brown or russet and tipped with yellowish white forming two wing 

 bands. Below, including sides of neck pale smoke gray nearly white on chin 

 and abdomen and washed on flanks and crissum with wood-brown. Auriculars 

 wood-brown. Indistinct superciliary line dull buffy gray. The bill is pinkish 

 buff, drying darker. The feet dull flesh color. 



4. FIRST NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult beginning the end of March which involves chiefly the 

 head and chin and a few scattering feathers elsewhere. The 

 black and white crown is assumed which soon shows nearly as 

 much wear as the rest of the plumage. This becomes grayer 

 and the stripes clearer. Old and young become practically indis- 

 tinguishable. 



5. ADULT WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult. Differs from first winter dress in having a black 

 and white crown, lacking buff about the auriculars and being 

 everywhere grayer and scarcely different from nuptial dress. 



6. ADULT NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired apparently by a partial 

 prenuptial moult as in the young bird. This dress differs so 

 very little from the adult winter that perhaps there is no regular 

 prenuptial moult in adults ; but occasional new feathers are to 

 be found and unless more material proves the contrary there is 

 reason for believing in the moult. 



Female. The female has corresponding plumages and moults 

 and is practically indistinguishable from the male in all plum- 



