202 DWIGHT 



Rictal and submalar streaks black ; orbital ring buff. Wings dull black with 

 walnut edgings, the wing coverts and tertiaries buff tipped. Tail olive-brown 

 broadly edged with walnut and indistinctly barred. Below, dull white washed 

 with pale or yellowish buff deepest on the throat and flanks and streaked on sides 

 of chin, throat, breast and sides with dull black. Feet and bill pinkish flesh, 

 becoming dusky with age, the lower mandible remaining partly flesh-color. 



Twenty-seven specimens in this plumage show a good deal of 

 individual variation in the yellowness of the lower parts and the 

 amount of streaking. This plumage is worn several months 

 and fades considerably. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a partial, sometimes 

 complete, postjuvenal moult during August, September and 

 October which involves the body plumage and the tail and very 

 often, part at least, of the remiges. The renewal of five or six 

 outer primaries occurs in nearly all young birds of this species and 

 is very likely characteristic of the first brood. Tlrs fact throws 

 light on the moult of the Indigo Bunting (Passcrina cyctnca) and 

 some others which have this peculiarity. The secondaries are 

 rarely found in moult, the terti'aries, alulae and wing coverts 

 regularly so. I have a series of eighty-one birds at this stage, 

 besides the twenty-seven in Juvenal dress, showing all stages of 

 the postjuvenal moult. With a few specimens only the renewal 

 of primaries, secondaries and even of rectrices, might easily be 

 overlooked as the new feathers are nearly of the same pattern 

 and color as the old and not in contrast as with the Indigo Bunt- 

 ing. My large series shows that the postjuvenal moult begins 

 in some birds, presumably those of first broods, by the middle of 

 August while others may show no signs of moult before the last 

 of September. The middle of September will find the former in 

 full first winter dress, while the latter will still show new feather 

 growth late in October or even November. It is worth noting 

 that the whole period of moult does not cover much over two 

 months in the great majority of cases. 



This plumage resembles the previous, but is whiter below and richer in chestnut 

 streakings both above and below. The lateral crown stripes are distinct with 

 black streaks, the median and superciliary stripes distinctly olive-gray. Below, 

 white washed with pale vinaceous cinnamon on sides of head, across jugulum 

 and on sides, and streaked, except on chin and mid-abdomen, with clove-brown 

 bordered with chestnut, the streaks becoming confluent at sides of chin and 

 on mid- throat forming three nearly black spots. 



