PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 217 



and rectriees with whitish, the secondaries with cinnamon, the tertiaries and 

 coverts (including two paler wing bands) with clay-colored edgings. Below, 

 cream-buff, clay- colored across throat, on sides and crissum. Superciliary 

 stripe ochraceous buff, auriculars sepia-brown ; lores, rictal and submalar 

 stripes dusky. Bill and feet pale pinkish buff becoming dusky with age. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a partial postju venal 

 moult beginning in Kansas early in July which involves the 

 body plumage, wing coverts, and tertiaries, but not the rest of 

 the wings nor the tail. 



Similar to previous plumage. Above, including auriculars sepia or wood-brown 

 narrowly and obscurely streaked on the pileum and broadly on the back with 

 black ; the tertiaries edged with cinnamon ; the wing coverts almost entirely 

 cinnamon-rufous or rich russet. Below, the chin and abdomen pale buff, 

 the throat, sides and crissum deep wood-brown with obscure narrow black 

 streaks, two more distinct streaks bordering the chin laterally. Superciliary and 

 malar stripes and usually the jugulum dull ochre-yellow sometimes brighter, 

 " edge of the wing " lemon-yellow; lores and subocular streak grayish. 



4. FIRST NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult in March and early April in Texas which involves the 

 head, throat and breast, but not the rest of the body nor the 

 wings and tail. 



The grayish pileum tinged anteriorly with yellow, the plum- 

 beous auriculars and bright lemon of the superciliary and malar 

 stripes and of the breast and mid-abdomen, the white chin and the 

 black throat patch are acquired by moult, the browns of the 

 winter dress becoming gray from marked wear. The amount 

 of black and of yellow is variable ; I have seen two specimens 

 with the throat patch Mars-brown. Young and old become 

 practically indistinguishable. 



5. ADULT WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult. Differs from first winter chiefly in possessing a 

 veiled black throat patch smaller than in nuptial dress. Adults 

 have more yellow and richer grayer wing edgings than young 

 birds. 



6. ADULT NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult as in the young bird. 



Female. The plumages and moults correspond to those of 

 the male. In Juvenal plumage females are indistinguishable 



