PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 219 



edgings of the throat are less extensive and consequently the 

 chin is distinctly black, the color extending to the breast more 

 or less. The wing bands are a deeper cinnamon and so too 

 the edgings of the tertiaries. 



6. ADULT NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult which involves most of the body plumage as in the young 

 bird from which it may be distinguished by the blacker remiges 

 and rectrices with absence of edgings. 



Female. The moults and plumages correspond to those of 

 the male. Practically indistinguishable from the male in Juvenal 

 and in first winter plumage, although rather duller, and with 

 narrower wing bands. All later plumages resemble that of the 

 male in first winter dress, but some of the older birds are much 

 blacker and with broader streakings. 



TANAGRIDJE 



The Tanagers are peculiar in their moults as might be ex- 

 pected with such highly colored birds. P. erytkromelas acquires 

 the full red plumage at the first prenuptial moult, goes back to 

 a greenish dress at the postnuptial and continues to. undergo a 

 semi-annual moult regularly from green to red in spring and from 

 red to green in fall. P. ludoviciana also moults twice every 

 year. P. rubra, on the other hand, has but one prenuptial moult, 

 a mere scattering of red feathers very often, and afterwards con- 

 tinues in the red plumage renewed only at the postnuptial moult. 



Piranga ludoviciana (Wils.). LOUISIANA TANAGER 



1. NATAL DOWN. No specimen seen. 



2. JUVENAL PLUMAGE acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, yellowish green obscurely streaked. Wings and tail dull black, edged 

 with olive-yellow, forming on the coverts two wing bands. Below, pale yel- 

 low with dusky streaks on the breast, similar to the young of other Tanagers. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult, in July in California, which involves the body plumage 

 and the wing coverts but not the rest of the wings nor the tail. 



