234 DWIGHT 



buff tipped. Below grayish white with distinct dusky vermiculations except on 

 the chin, abdomen and crissum. Tail black, the three outer rectrices with 

 much white. Lores grayish. Bar through eye dusky. 



4. FIRST NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult in March which involves the anterior part of the head, 

 chin and throat. A whiter chin and black lores are acquired, 

 young and old becoming practically indistinguishable. A good 

 deal of the vermiculation is lost by wear of the feather edges. 



5. ADULT WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult. Differs from first winter in having a white wing 

 band on the greater coverts, the tertiaries and secondaries with 

 white edgings, the wings and tail jet-black, including all the 

 coverts. The back is grayer without the brownish tint of the 

 young bird. 



6. ADULT NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired apparently by a partial 

 prenuptial moult as in the young bird. 



Female. The plumages and moults correspond to those of 

 the male. Usually browner, especially the wings and tail and 

 with a brown transocular bar until the adult winter plumage is 

 assumed. 



Lanius ludovicianus (Linn.). LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE 



1. NATAL DOWN. No specimen seen. 



2. JUVENAL PLUMAGE acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, drab-gray, faintly vermiculated and with pale buff edgings ; rump slightly 

 paler. Wings and tail black, a white area at the bases of the primaries, the 

 coverts and tertiaries buff tipped, palest on the tertiaries ; the outer rectrices 

 largely white, the central ones buff, with terminal mottling. Lores, orbital region 

 and auriculars dull black. Below, dull white on chin, abdomen and crissum, 

 washed on breast and sides with very pale buff or drab, vermiculated with 

 dusky subterminal bands on each feather. Bill and feet dusky becoming black. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a partial post] u venal 

 moult in September and October, which involves the body 

 plumage, tertiaries, wing coverts and tail, but not the rest of the 

 wings. 



Similar to previous plumage but grayer above and the vermiculations absent or very 

 indistinct on the breast. Above, plumbeous gray, paler on rump, the posterior 

 scapularies white. Wings and tail black except for the brown juvenal pri- 



