PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 279 



5. ADULT WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult. Differs from first winter dress in being cinereous 

 gray instead of brown on the head and throat, palest on the 

 chin, and slightly veiled with drab-gray on the throat, and 

 olive-green on the crown. The back is greener and the yellow 

 below rather brighter. The orbital ring is white. The birds 

 with deeper plumbeous throats are probably still older. This 

 dress differs but little from the nuptial, a fact not generally 

 known. 



6. ADULT NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired perhaps by a partial 

 prenuptial moult as in the young bird or possibly by wear alone. 

 Some specimens taken in spring show fresher feathers about the 

 head than do others. Whether this denotes individual wear or 

 only renewal in young birds, cannot be determined positively 

 without more winter material. 



Female. In first winter plumage browner above and on the 

 throat than the male, but often indistinguishable. The first nup- 

 tial is acquired chiefly by wear. The adult winter is similar to 

 the first winter but rather grayer on the throat resembling the 

 male in first winter dress. The adult nuptial and later plum- 

 ages are never as gray as those of the male. 



Geothlypis Philadelphia (Wils.). MOURNING WARBLED 



1. NATAL DOWN. No specimen seen. 



2. JUVENAL PLUMAGE acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Very similar to G. trichas but darker. Above deep olive-brown. Wings darker, 

 edged with olive-green, the coverts faintly edged with pale cinnamon. Tail 

 deep olive-green. Below, very deep grayish tawny-olive, abdomen and crissum 

 pale brownish Naples-yellow. Inconspicuous orbital ring pale buff. Bill and 

 feet pinkish buff becoming sepia-brown. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult, in August in eastern Canada, which involves the body 

 plumage and wing coverts, but not the rest of the wings nor 

 the tail. 



Above similar to G. trichas and to G. agilis but greener than either, with a plumbe- 

 ous tinge about the head, and the yellow below brighter. There is usually a 

 little concealed black on the throat ; the chin is yellowish white. The con- 



