PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 303 



6. ADULT NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by wear as in the 

 young bird. 



Female. The plumages and moults correspond to those of 

 the male, females practically indistinguishable, but averaging a 

 little browner black on the cap and the wash on the sides paler 

 in all plumages. 



I have examined large series of this species taken every 

 month in the year. 



Parus carolinensis Aud. CAROLINA CHICKADEE 



1. NATAL DOWN. No specimen seen. 



2. JUVENAL PLUMAGE acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Very similar to same stage of P. atricapillus but with olive-gray, narrower, incon- 

 spicuous edgings on the secondaries. Above, mouse-gray, the pileum black. 

 Wings and tail dull black, the edgings olive-gray. Below, the chin and throat 

 dull black, the breast and. abdomen dingy white, a wash of pale pinkish buff on 

 the sides and crissum. Lores, saborbital and auricular region and sides of 

 neck pure white. Bill and feet dusky pinkish buff becoming slaty. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult, in the South apparently in July, which involves the body 

 plumage and wing coverts, but not the rest of the wings nor the 

 tail, young and old becoming indistinguishable. 



Much like the previous plumage, but the flanks and crissum with a darker wash, 

 and the gray of the back, pinkish-tinged. The posterior feathers of the black 

 area of the throat are somewhat veiled with white edgings. The pileum is 

 blacker. 



4. FIRST NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by wear through which 

 much of the pinkish wash on the sides and crissum is lost and 

 the plumage above becomes grayer. 



5. ADULT WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult. Practically indistinguishable from the first 

 winter dress. 



6. ADULT NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by wear as in the 

 young bird. 



Female. The sexes are practically alike, the females often 

 browner and the black cap duller ; the moults correspond. 



