PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 305 



2. JUVENAL PLUMAGE acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, olive-brown, greenish tinged on the back and mottled with dusky edgings, 

 the pileum, auriculars and lores dull black or clove-brown ; grayish superciliary 

 stripe interrupted by black extending upward from the lores ; suborbital stripe 

 dull white. Wings and tail deep olive-brown, most of the coverts, tertiaries, 

 secondaries and rectrices edged with bright olive-green, the greater coverts 

 tipped with buffy white, the tertiaries with pale olive-gray ; the secondaries 

 are crossed by a dusky bar on their proximal third and are basally white, yel- 

 low tinged. Below dull grayish white, a few dusky edgings, and tinged faintly 

 with pale buff on the throat, sides and crissum. Bill and feet dusky pinkish 

 buff, dusky later. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult, beginning in eastern Canada early in August, which in- 

 volves the body plumage, the lesser wing coverts chiefly and 

 not the rest of the wings nor the tail, young and old becoming 

 practically indistinguishable. The young bird acquires the 

 orange crown. 



Similar to the previous plumage. Above, olive-green, olive-gray on the nape and 

 sides of neck. The crown with a broad median stripe of cadmium orange 

 bordered by lateral streaks of lemon-yellow and these by black. The orbital 

 ring is blacker and the superciliary line whiter, less interrupted by black, 

 broader behind the eye and the white extending across the forehead. Below, 

 browner, largely olive-buff or gray. 



4. FIRST NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by wear not marked till 

 late in the breeding season. The orange crown feathers are 

 very resistant to wear and always look fresh. 



5. ADULT WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult in July. Practically indistinguishable from first 

 winter. 



6. ADULT NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by wear as in the young 

 bird. 



Female. The plumages and moults correspond to those of 

 the male. In Juvenal plumage the pileum usually has less black 

 than that of the male and is sometimes wholly olive-gray in- 

 cluding lores and auriculars. The first winter plumage lacks 

 the orange crown stripe, its place being taken by pale lemon - 

 yellow, and the orange of the male is never assumed in any 

 plumage. 



ANNALS N. Y. ACAD Sci., XIII., Oct. 31, 1900 20 



