312 DWIGHT 



Turdus aonalaschkae pallasii (Cab.). HERMIT THRUSH 



1. NATAL DOWN. No specimen seen. 



2. JUVENAL PLUMAGE acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, including sides of head, sepia or olive-brown, the rump russet, and every- 

 where spotted with large buffy white guttate spots bordered with black. The 

 wings rather darker, the coverts and tertiaries with small terminal buffy spots. 

 Tail burnt umber-brown. Below, white faintly tinged with buff, spotted with 

 deep black, on sides of neck, across the breast and on the flanks and crissum, 

 the throat and breast, the fore part of the abdomen and flanks faintly barred. 

 Bill and feet dull pinkish buff remaining pale when older. Compared with 

 corresponding plumage of T. u. swainsonii, the brown above is deeper with 

 larger, paler spots, while below there is much less buff tint and the spots are 

 blacker. The reddish tail is, of course, distinctive. 



3. FIRST WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a partial postju venal 

 moult, beginning late in August, which involves the body plum- 

 age, most of the lesser and median coverts, but not the rest of 

 the wings nor the tail. 



Similar to previous plumage but without spotting above and the black spots below 

 fewer. Above, including sides of head olive tinged mummy-brown, burnt- 

 umber on rump and upper tail coverts. Below, white, tinged faintly with buff 

 on throat and breast, with olive-gray on the sides and spotted heavily on the 

 throat and faintly on the breast with large deltoid black spots. Lores and sub- 

 malar lines black ; orbital ring pale buff. The buff spotted coverts retained dis- 

 tinguish young from adults. 



Above, most resembles T. fuscescens, the tail however ruddier ; also resembles T. 

 u, swainsonii, but browner above, the throat spots larger and the tail distinctive. 



4. FIRST NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by wear, the upper 

 surface becoming rather grayer and the buff below mostly lost. 



5. ADULT WINTER PLUMAGE acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult in August and September. Averages darker and 

 lacks the tell-tale coverts and tertiaries of the first winter dress. 

 Young and old become indistinguishable. 



6. ADULT NUPTIAL PLUMAGE acquired by wear as in the 

 young bird, from which it is usually distinguishable by the wing 

 coverts. 



Female. The sexes and moults are alike. 



