PARTIAL HERMAPHRODITISM 145 



hermaphroditism. Yet it is certain that the changes Clinical 

 following removal of the genitalia were not dependent 



solely on that removal. Such an operation, as experi- of ar g t 1 ^ dular 

 ments show, affects the other hormonopoietic glands, henn- 

 Were it not so, our whole thesis of the sex-complex aphroditism< 

 would be groundless. 



With regard to the occurrence of the gonadal elements 

 of the two sexes in one individual, one would naturally 

 infer, from a developmental point of view, that the 

 different elements would be combined in one organ. A 

 brief consideration of the development of the ovary and 

 testis will make this point clear. 



In the earliest stages of development that is, until Development 

 between the fifth and sixth week the histological ap . of the gonads. 

 pearances of the gonads give us no indication as to the 

 future sex -differentiation about to take place. In this 

 undifferentiated stage the gonad is divided into two por- 

 tions the capsular epithelium, and the central epithelial 

 nucleus composed of ' indifferent ' cells. Subsequently, 

 however, if a testis is to be evolved, very soon after this 

 date the cells of the epithelial nucleus immediately 

 underlying the capsular epithelium become condensed 

 and form the tunica albuginea, while the rest of these 

 indifferent cells, among which the genital cells lie, become 

 arranged in the form of cell masses or cords. These 

 cords, around which and in which the spermatogonia, as 

 the genital cells are now called, are collected, become 

 the seminal tubules and eventually join the genital (pro- 

 nephritic) tubules outside the gonad. The interstitial 

 cells of the testis are formed from connective tissue 

 cells (mesoderm), which grow in from the direction of 

 the hilum and fill the interstices between the seminal 

 tubules. We shall see directly that the interstitial cells 

 do not originate from primary or secondary genital cells. 



If, on the other hand, an ovary is in process of forma- 

 tion the indifferent cells (epithelial nucleus) of the genital 

 cell mass remain undifferentiated longer than in the 

 case of testicular development, and they never become 

 arranged in cell masses or cords. Instead, the epithelial 



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