fu 



152 THE SEX-COMPLEX 



Specification (fig. 48). These cells cannot, therefore, be accountable 

 partii m f or tne secondary characteristics. Spermatogenesis, how- 



herm- ever, is not often present in the testes of partial tubular 



aphroditism. . * 



hermaphrodites, but it has occasionally been recorded. 



The gonads, therefore, especially in the absence of 

 active genital cells may be described as more or less 

 indifferent organs in the matter of sex-characterization. 

 It is probable that the other organs of internal secretion 

 must be admitted into the circle of primary character- 

 istics, and that they usually act in conjunction with the 

 nctional gonad but often quite independently of it. 



It is, also, an almost incontestable fact that the mental 

 attitude and instincts of a partial hermaphrodite accord 

 with the predominating secondary characteristics. This 

 was very obviously so in Russell Andrews' case, already 

 described, in Turner's and Lapointe's case, and in many 

 other recorded cases. It is not possible to ascribe these 

 psychological attributes to education alone. 



importance Since, therefore, we can demonstrate the fact that 

 foMewseraSe the psychical and physical characters of sex are not 

 sex d ?n id art S iai necessarn y dependent on the gonads, each case of 

 herm- partial hermaphroditism should be considered as a 



whole ; that is to say, the sex should be determined by 

 the obvious predominance of characteristics, especially 

 the secondary, and not by non-functional gonads alone. 

 A few partial hermaphrodites have secondary character- 

 istics of the same sex as the gonad ; but that common 

 type of case in which the gonads alone, and then only 

 on histological examination, proclaim the state of 

 hermaphroditism should be considered on a separate 

 basis, and the sex-denomination should be adapted to 

 the peculiar circumstances, and to our modern knowledge 

 of the complexity vof sex. It would be justifiable, too, 

 to undertake surgical procedures in these special cases in 

 order to establish more completely the dominant sex of 

 the individual, and the one which is most in accordance 

 with the social happiness of the person concerned. A 

 legal ruling on this matter of sex-denomination is 

 urgently required. 



