192 THE SHEPHERD'S MANUAL. 



the pulse and the respiration are both quickened, there is some 

 fever, and the appetite fails. The treatment is the same as that 

 prescribed for catarrh, but to be continued longer, changing the 

 dose to the following, to be administered for three or four days, 

 reducing the quantity of saltpeter gradually one-half. 



Linseed-oil 1 ounce. 



Saltpeter 1 dram. 



Powdered Gentian 1 dram. 



Bleeding must not be attempted in this disease. Quietness is in- 

 dispensable, and a clean, airy, but solitary, pen should be provided, 

 and a plenty of pure, fresh water supplied. 



Pneumonia or Inflammation of the Lungs. This is a more fre- 

 quent disease than is generally suspected. Many sheep exhibit 

 the peculiar symptoms of pneumonia, and are too far gone for re- 

 covery before their too careless owners are aware that they are 

 affected. High-bred imported sheep, the Leicester more particu- 

 larly, are very liable to this disease, which is generally fatal to 

 them. It consists of inflammation of the substance of the lungs, 

 and frequently follows neglected attacks of bronchitis, the inflam- 

 mation easily and quickly passing from the lining membrane of 

 the air-passages to the cellular tissue of the lungs. Washing in 

 streams of cold spring water, or sudden chills from exposure to cold 

 showers, quickly succeeding hot weather, or when heated with 

 driving, or after shearing, or too close penning in warm stables in 

 cold weather, are the usual causes. It is rarely that this disease 

 develops fully without previously passing through the earlier 

 stages, or without some serious mistake in the management of the 

 sheep ; and it is only by instant attention and proper treatment 

 that its usually rapid and fatal course can be arrested. 



The symptoms are a quick and labored breathing with painful 

 heaving of the flanks ; a painful cough ; discharge of thick yellow 

 mucus from the nostrils, high fever, and great thirst ; hard, quick 

 pulse ; constant grinding of the teeth, together with loss of appe- 

 tite and rumination. On examination after death, the lungs are 

 found to be hard and gorged with blood, and if thrown into water 

 they sink to the bottom. The disease usually terminates in death 

 in from twenty -four to thirty-six hours. 



Treatment is of no avail unless commenced immediately. Bleed- 

 ing from the jugular vein, until the animal staggers, is the first and 

 most effective remedy. If found necessary, this should be repeated 

 in six hours. Two ounces of Epsom salts should be given imme- 

 diately after the bleeding ; if this does not cause free purging, one 

 ounce more may be given in three hours. Copious purging is not 



