194 



THE SHEPHERD'S MANUAL. 



is found filled with fluid ; the surface of the lungs is highly in- 

 flamed, and covered with livid patches, but their substance is not 

 affected. Generally no trace of disease is found elsewhere. 



The treatment consists in copious bleeding as for pneumonia, 

 but more blood may be taken with benefit. The following may 

 be given : 



Powdered Digitalis .............................. 1 scruple. 



Nitrate of Potash ................................ 1 dram. 



Nitrous Ether, (Spirits of Nitre) .................. 3 drams. 



to be administered in linseed-meal or oat-meal gruel twice a day 

 for four or five days. When recovery be- 

 gins, the following tonic may be substituted : 



Sulphate of Iron .................... y a dram. 



Infusion of Quassia or Chamomile.^ pint. 



dram. 



Ground Ginger 



i/ fl 



If the animal is valuable, it may sometimes 

 be saved after the effusion of serum in the 

 chest has occurred to a considerable extent, 

 by tapping the cavity with a trochar and 

 canula, (fig. 74), and drawing off the fluid. 

 When this effusion has taken place, it may . 

 be discovered by tapping the sides of the 

 chest, when a dull dead sound only is heard ; 

 also by a gurgling sound during expiration, 

 which is painful and difficult. The trochar 

 is inserted cautiously between the eighth and 

 ninth ribs, and the canula left in the opening 

 through which the fluid flows. Generous feed- 

 ing and great care are needed after tapping. 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 



Choking. Sheep are not often troubled 

 with obstructions of the gullet, except when 

 fed upon cut or sliced turnips, or permitted 

 to consume the shells of turnips which have 

 been scooped out by them in the field. When 

 a sheep is thus choked, the head is held 

 down, saliva flows from the mouth, breath- 

 ing is difficult, and the stomach becomes dis- 

 tended with gas, or air swallowed in the ef- 

 forts to dislodge the obstruction. When this occurs, the sheep's 

 head should be raised and held firmly between one man's legs, 



. 74. TKOCHAR 

 AND CANULA. 



